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    A carboxylated nanodiamond reduces oxidative stress and shows no sign of toxicity in yeast
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Kaluc, Nur; Thomas, Pınar Buket
    Nanodiamonds (NDs) offer numerous advantages in nanotechnology owing to their unique physicochemical properties. Their chemical stability, natural fluorescence and high absorption capacity make NDs advantageous to be used in many fields including nanomedicine, nano-cosmetics and biomedicine. Recent investigations suggest that NDs can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) therefore act as antioxidants. However, studies regarding the antioxidant properties of NDs are limited and their effects on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress is not clear. Besides, due to the increased incorporation of cNDs in nanomedical, nano-cosmetics and biomedical products toxicity assessments are needed. Here, we investigated the effects of a carboxylated ND (cND) on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and its 24-hour toxicity in a unicellular eukaryotic model, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We showed that cND significantly reduces cell death and ROS accumulation in response to H2O2-induced oxidative stress by decreasing H2O2 levels in the media (p < 0.05). Although growth inhibition was observed at higher concentrations (1000 mu g/mL and above, p < 0.05), even 10.000 mu g/mL cND treatment for 24 hours did not completely inhibit colony formation. cND also significantly reduced ROS generated during normal metabolism (p < 0.05) and did not lead to cell death. Our data suggest that cND shows ROS-scavenging activity and has no sign of toxicity in S. cerevisiae.
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    Sublethal concentrations of high glucose prolong mitotic arrest in a spindle assembly checkpoint activity dependent manner in budding yeast
    (Springer, 2021) Thomas, Pınar Buket; Cavusoğlu, Elif E.; Kaluc, Nur
    The most successful anti-cancer drugs in clinical use interfere with cell cycle progression by inducing a mitotic arrest through activation of a conserved surveillance mechanism called the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Cancer cells require much more glucose compared to normal cells to meet their energy needs due to reprogramming of their energy metabolism. Therefore, hyperglycemia may be favorable for cancer cells. Indeed, hyperglycemia is known to be closely associated with increased risk of developing several types of cancers as well as cancer related-mortality. However, the effect of hyperglycemic conditions on the mitotic arrest induced by anti-cancer drugs remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of incubation in high glucose containing media on the duration of mitotic arrest induced by a SAC-activating anti-cancer drug, nocodazole, in budding yeast. We first showed that high glucose led to cell death in a dose and time dependent manner in yeast. Next, we examined the effect of sublethal concentrations of high glucose on nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest. Our data revealed that high glucose prolongs nocodazole induced mitotic arrest. Finally, we investigated whether the delay observed in exiting from nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest requires SAC activity. For this purpose, we induced a mitotic arrest that is independent of SAC activation and showed that the delay in exiting from nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest required SAC activity.