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    Guidelines for preventing violence, harassment and bullying against health workers
    (Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Mohamed, Rowan; Abdullayeva, Mukarrama; Karazeybek, Ebru
    Introduction: Violence Prevention Alliance; addresses the problem of violence as defined in the World report on violence and health (WRVH), namely: “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either result in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm,maldevelopment or deprivation (https:// www.who.int/violenceprevention/approach/ definition/en/). Harassment: Comments or behaviours that are unwelcome and persistent, including sexual harassment (https://www.ontario.ca/page/ understand-law-workplace-violence-andharassment) Bullying: Repeated and persistent behaviours that can include social isolation, creating or spreading rumours, engaging in excessive or unjustified criticism, intimidating a person, physically abusing or threatening abuse, and withholding job responsibilities (https://www. ccohs.ca/oshanswers/psychosocial/bullying. html.). Method: The related guide has been reached by using the keywords “Violence”, “Health Worker” and “Guide” in the Pubmed database. The purpose of this review is; To present an international sample guideline proposal (Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario: RNAO: Ontario Registered Nurses Association) to prevent violence, harassment and bullying against healthcare workers. Results: Workplace violence, harassment and bullying are collective in the health sector, as in all sectors. It is to be used to enhance the safety of health service organizations and academic institutions through the adoption of evidence-based practices. Safe and healthy work environments are an enabler for nurses and other health workers to optimize clinical outcomes for those receiving care. Below are the main topics of the guideline recommendations to prevent violence, harassment and bullying against RNAO healthcare professionals; -Recommendations addressing violent behaviour from persons -Recommendations addressing harassment and bullying from formal leaders, health workers or students (https://rnao.ca/sites/rnao-ca/files/ bpg/VPW_FINAL_WEB_July_2.pdf) Conclusion: Consequently, evidence-based guideline recommendations are essential to address all areas where health workers and students can be at risk of encountering violence.
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    Violence against emergency nurses
    (Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Bigzad, Muhabat; Karazeybek, Ebru; Demir Işık, Rabiye
    Objectives: To investigate the causes of violence and the effects of violence against emergency nurses. Introduction: VPA (Violence Prevention Alliance) addresses the problem of violence as defined in the world report on violence and health (WRVH), namely: “The intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either result in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation” (1). Violence in health institutions is defined as “the situation that comes from patients, patient relatives or any other person, constitutes a risk for the healthcare worker, threatening behaviour, verbal threat, physical assault and sexual assault.” (2). Methods: In PubMed databases, related studies have been examined by using the keywords “violence”, “emergency service” and “nursing”. Results: According to the studies conducted in our country, the rate of exposure of health workers to violence is between 49-91%, and the rate of being mentally affected by violence is between 36- 92%. Considering the fields of work related to health, emergency and psychiatry departments are among the places where violence is most common. According to the transfer from Buyukbayram and Okcay; the relatives of the patients want their patients to be dealt with as soon as they think they are urgent. Patients ‘and patients’ relatives have high expectations, thoughts that the business does not run regularly in the emergency room or that the patients are not treated fairly in the priority order are among the reasons for the healthcare professionals to be exposed to violence. Factors that increase the tendency to violence are alcohol abuse or drug / substance abuse (3). Violence causes different problems such as physical exhaustion, irritability, depression and anxiety. Health workers exposed to violence experience post-violence emotional, physiological and psychiatric problems; business performance and social relationships of individuals are negatively affected. Nurses can also behave in response to violence, such as not coming to work, changing their job, and thus leaving the nursing profession (4). Conclusions: Violence is also an important problem for emergency nurses who are among healthcare professionals. Scientific evidence about the importance and dimensions of the problem has been obtained by systematizing the studies related to the subject. These findings may be useful in determining the scope of future studies and planning measures to solve the problem in the clinical field.