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    An Examination of the Propaganda Posters in the 1980 Nicaragua Literacy Campaign in the Context of Reading Books
    (Turkish Librarians Assoc, 2021) Gazi, Mehmet Ali; Caki, Caner; Karaca, Mustafa; Caki, Gül
    The Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberacion Nacional, FSLN) took over the administration of the country as a result of the revolution that took place in Nicaragua in 1979 and started a literacy campaign in 1979. The fact that FSLN's founder, Carlos Fonseca, is a librarian and a teacher, made the campaign gain a special importance. Propaganda posters were used effectively to emphasize the importance of literacy and reading books in the campaign. The campaign was awarded the UNESCO Nadezhda K. Krupskaya literacy award in 1980. It was tried to reveal how propaganda posters were used in literacy campaign in order to encourage literacy and reading books in the study. For this purpose, propaganda posters were accessed from the International Institute of Social History (Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis) in Amsterdam and visual and written indicators in propaganda posters were analyzed in the light of three dimensions in semiotics of the US linguist Charles William Morris. In the findings obtained, it was revealed that efforts were made to encourage people to be literate and to read books asserting the perception that literacy liberates peopleand identifying literacy with revolution through the propaganda posters.
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    An Examination of the Propaganda Posters Prepared by the American Library Association for the US Army During the First World War
    (Turkish Librarians Assoc, 2021) Isik, Metin; Gaz, Mehmet Ali; Caki, Caner; Caki, Gül
    Book campaign was initiated during the First World War under the leadership of the American Library Association (ALA). Propaganda posters were used effectively to ensure that the US people donated books and the US soldiers gained the reading habit as part of this campaign. Objective: In the study, it was aimed to reveal how ALA used propaganda posters to encourage masses to donate books and also to promote soldiers to read books. Method: Semiotic method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study. Within the scope of the study, the propaganda posters used by ALA during the First World War were analyzed in the light of the semiotics model of Danish linguist Louis Hjelmslev and US linguist William Labov. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that messages that reading books is a good leisure activity for US soldiers and that donated books are used efficiently in the US military were given. Originality: There are very limited studies in the national literature on ALA's activities in this context. In the study, the activities of ALA specific to the First World War were tried to be examined comprehensively. Conclusion: In the study, it was concluded that ALA tried to form the perception of soldiers' willingness to read books through posters in the process of encouraging the US people to donate books and soldiers to read books.
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    The Presentation of Reading Habit in the Propaganda Posters Shaped during the Chinese Culture Revolution in the People's Republic of China
    (Turkish Librarians Assoc, 2020) Gazi, Mehmet Ali; Caki, Caner; Gülada, Mehmet Özan; Caki, Gül
    The Chinese Cultural Revolution (CCR), which took place between 1966-1976, engraved in the social and cultural life of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Publications believed to harm the Chinese Communist Revolution and Mao's leadership cult were destroyed. In the revolution where the Red Guards were at the forefront, libraries and universities were attacked and the publications representing the old society were burned. Ancient and classical works were banned in the country and publications promoting the revolution were brought to the fore. In addition, the Chinese people were encouraged to read Quotations from Chairman Mao Tsetung. During the revolution, posters were used as an effective propaganda tool and messages were given on the posters about what the Chinese people should read and not. It was aimed to reveal the direction of reading habit with CCR in PRC through propaganda posters in the study. 9 propaganda posters determined using the quota sample were analyzed using the semiotics method in terms of the concepts of French linguist Roland Barthes. It was stated that the Chinese people experienced a cultural struggle and this struggle could be overcome by reading publications that praise Mao and the revolution. In this way, it was revealed that it was aimed to form individuals loyal to Mao and the revolution.
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    A Semiotic Analysis on Propaganda Posters During Likbez Campaign
    (Turkish Librarians Assoc, 2020) Caki, Caner; Gazi, Mehmet Ali; Caki, Gül; Gülada, Özan
    The Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin seized power in Russia after the October Revolution in 1917. A literacy campaign was launched in Russia under the title of Elimination of Ignorance Among the Population with the short name Likbez and an intense effort was made to raise the level of education with the campaign in the country under the leader ship of Lenin on December 26, 1919. Especially within the scope of the campaign, propaganda activities were carried out to encourage reading books and to develop the reading habits of the masses. At this stage, propaganda posters, one of the leading mass media tools of the period, were used. In the study, it was aimed to reveal how the propaganda posters were used and what messages were given in the process of encouraging the masses to read books in Likbez, which was initiated in Lenin's reign. For this purpose, 9 propaganda posters determined were analyzed in the light of the semiotics concepts of the Russian linguist Roman Jakobson. In the findings of the study, it was revealed that the perceptions that people who read books would have a happy and peaceful life were tried to be formed, on the other hand, reading was presented as away of getting closer to the Communism ideology.