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    MAY PPAR GAMMA BE SIGNIFICANT IN BIPOLAR DISORDER ONLY IN THE PRESENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME?
    (Medicinska Naklada Zagreb, 2023) Kendirlioglu, B.K.; Cihnioglu, R.; Kalelioglu, T.; Ozpercin, P.U.; Oksuz, O.Y.; Sozen, S.; Karamustafalioglu, N.
    Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) has a key role in regulating both neurogenesis and various metabolic processes, including adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. In this study, it was aimed to compare the serum PPAR? levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) parametres of patients with Bipolar Disorder (BD) diagnosed manic-depressive-euthymic episodes with those of healthy subjects. Subjects and Methods: We included 121 male patients with BD type I, 44 in mania, 35 in depression and 42 in euthymic state, and 41 healthy controls. Serum PPAR? levels, inflammation indicators (CRP, neutrophil, leukocyte, and albumin) and Mets parametres were measured. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of PPAR? values. PPAR? serum level is highest in the control group and then euthymic, manic and depressive episodes continue to decrease, respectively. However, there was a significant difference between the depressive group with MetS and without MetS in terms of serum PPAR? levels. A statistically significant correlation was found between PPAR? and the other serum markers such as low-density lipoprotein (p=0.022), HbA1c (p=0.002), neutrophils levels (0.001), white blood cell (p=0.025), and clinical features such as age at first treatment (p=0.024), age at first episode (p=0.039), and smoking (0.013). Conclusions: We suggest that PPAR? may be a key factor in the BD depressive group with MetS. Not finding any relationship between the PPAR? levels and the episode of BD may be related with the absence of MetS in the individuals. MetS parametres must also be considered if PPAR? is to be evaluated in the future investigations. © Medicinska naklada & Pro mente, Zagreb, Croatia.