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    Comparison of the sixth and seventh editions of the TNM staging systems with regard to non-small cell lung carcinoma
    (BAYCINAR MEDICAL PUBL-BAYCINAR TIBBI YAYINCILIK, 2012) Duzgun, Yeliz; Saygi, Attila; Levent, Ender; Yilmaz, Huri Ozkan; Koksal, Hulya; Soylu, Akin Cem; Kutlu, Cemal Asim
    Background: In this study, we aimed to compare the clinical tumor node metastasis (TNM) and pathological TNM staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using the sixth and seventh editions of the TNM staging and to establish whether there was any concordance between these editions. Methods: The records of 60 patients (57 males, 3 females; mean age 57 10 years; range 34 to 81 years) who were operated between January 2007 and October 2009 diagnosed with NSCLC in our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Both clinical (pre-thoracotomy) and pathological (post-thoracotomy) staging were performed separately according to the sixth and seventh editions of the TNM systems. Results: With the sixth edition, the concordance rate for the clinical and pathological T stage was 73.3% while the concordance rate for the clinical TNM and pathological TNM stage was 48.3%. Twenty percent of the patients were clinically underestimated, and 31.7% were overestimated. The seventh edition of the TNM staging yielded concordance rates of 61.7% for the clinical and pathological T stage and 41.7% for the clinical TNM and pathological TNM stage was 41.7%. With this edition, 28.3% of the patients were clinically underestimated, and 30% were overestimated. Clinical and pathological TNM staging according to seventh edition were similar to the previous stages in 81.7% and 70% of the patients, respectively while understaging was seen in 6.7% and 5.0%, respectively. Overstaging occurred in 11.7% and 25.0% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: In our study, the concordance rate for the clinical TNM and pathological TNM stage was lower for the seventh edition of the staging systems than for the sixth editon. This result suggests the importance of invasive staging and systematic lymph node dissection. Based on our samples with early stage, we believe that there should be no change in the treatment for patients with upstaging according to the seventh edition of the staging system.
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    Evaluation of Clinical and Functional Parameters in Female Subjects With Biomass Smoke Exposure
    (DAEDALUS ENTERPRISES INC, 2013) Koksal, Hulya; Saygi, Attila; Sariman, Nesrin; Alici, Emel; Yurtlu, Sirin; Yilmaz, Huri; Duzgun, Yeliz
    BACKGROUND: Indoor air pollution and exposure to biomass smoke is a risk factor for pulmonary diseases among women in developing countries. We aimed to assess clinical and functional findings and exposure duration and to evaluate their relationships in patients who used biomass products as fuel and who presented to the clinic due to respiratory symptoms. METHODS: Fifty-five patients who had been referred to the hospital between January 2008 and December 2010 and who met the inclusion criteria were accepted to the study. Data on the place they live, biomass exposure duration, lung function parameters, and arterial blood gases were recorded. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in FEV1%, FEV1 (L) and, FEV1/FVC existed between the subgroups of duration of biomass exposure (P = .001). FEV1% and FEV1/FVC were highest in the <30 hour-years exposure group. In the presence of animal dung use, the odds ratio and 95% CI for the risk of FEV1/FVC < 70% was 3.5 (0.88-10.29). Subjects who used animal dung and wood for cooking and heating had severe and very severe FEV1 stages. CONCLUSIONS: Biomass exposure can have effects on lung function test parameters. Animal dung use is primarily related to risk of deterioration of FEV1/FVC, when compared to other biomass fuels. Protective health measures should be taken by assessing the risks in areas where biomass exposure is intense, improving poor design of the stoves and ventilation, and switching to better clean energy sources such as natural gas and solar energy.
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    Relationship of T-stage and nodal metastases according to the up-to-date clinical TNM staging in lung cancer
    (BAYCINAR MEDICAL PUBL-BAYCINAR TIBBI YAYINCILIK, 2012) Yilmaz, Huri Ozkan; Saygi, Attila; Sariman, Nesrin; Marasli, Dida; Duzgun, Yeliz; Koksal, Hulya; Orki, Alpay
    Background: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the clinical T (cT)-stage and metastases (M) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), comparing the 6th revised edition (old) and 7th revised edition (new) of the TNM staging system and to assess the potential divergent effects of staging on the course of treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 136 patients (123 males, 13 females; mean age 60.8 years; range 25 to 83 years) who were diagnosed with NSCLC between January 2007 and January 2009 were conducted. Several variables including age, gender, smoking status previous radiological and/or bronchoscopic findings, and diagnostic and screening techniques which were used to diagnose metastases were determined. Clinical staging (cTNM) was assessed using the 6th and 7th revised editions of the TNM staging system. Results: A total of 41 patients (30.1%) had squamous cell carcinoma, 29 (21.3%) had adenocarcinoma and 66 (48.5%) had histologically not otherwise specified NSCLC. Staging was changed for 23 of the patients, while lower stage of disease, compared to baseline, was found in 15 patients, based on the 7th edition of TNM the staging system. The most significant changes were observed in stages 3A and 3B, whereas no difference was seen in stage 1 disease. According to the 6th edition of TNM staging system in terms of M distribution, 72 (%52.9) had no metastases, whereas 64 (%47.1) had metastatic disease. According to the 7th edition in terms of M distribution, one more patient was diagnosed with non-metastatic disease, increasing the number of the patient in this group up to 73 (53.6%). Of 63 patients with metastases, 17 (%12.5) had intrapulmonary metastases (M1a), while 46 (%33.9) had distant metastases (M1b). No significant difference was seen between the groups in terms of N distribution. Different treatment modalities were followed in 11 of 136 patients (8.1%). Conclusion: Our study results showed comparable results in both groups, including 6th edition and 7th edition of the TNM staging system, suggesting a concordance rate of 96.9% (r=0.968; p<0.0001). A poor correlation between T-stage and M score was obtained when the 6th edition of TNM staging system is used (r=0.170; p=0.048), whereas a stronger correlation between T-stage and M score was observed, using the 7th revised edition of the TNM staging system (r=0.190; p=0.027).