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    The effect of glutathione preconditioning on heme oxygenase-1 system established by whey protein feeding on hepatocellular injury in a rat hepatic normothermic i/r injury model [Siçanlarda whey proteini ile oluşturulan glutatyon önkoşullandirmasinin karaci?er sicak iskemi/reperfüzyon hasarinda hem oksijenaz-1 sistemi üzerine etkisi]
    (2008) Manukyan, Manuk Norayık; Yavuz Y.; Erbarut I.; Ögünç A.V.; Ataizi-Çelikel Ç.; Süha Yalçin A.; Güllüoglu B.M.
    Purpose: Oxygen radicals which are produced during reperfusion phase play a central role for hepatocellular damage during ischemia/reperfusion (l/R) injury. Antioxidant strategies appear a promising approach to prevent I/R injury. In the present study, the effect of glutathione (GSH) preconditioning established by whey protein feeding on hepatocellular injury markers was assessed in a rat hepatic normothermic l/R injury model. The interaction between intracellular GSH content and heme oxygenase-1 [HO-1] enzyme expression was also determined in order to understand the level of upgrading of HO-1 system in a high GSH content environment after preconditioning. Material and Methods: Livers of female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 45/45 minutes of normothermlc l/R injury. A group of rats were fed by standard chow for a three week duration before I/R procedure (CONTROL l/R: n«16), whereas another group was fed by "whey" protein for preconditioning (WHPR l/R; n=16) during the same period. Two SHAM groups were constituted accordingly but rats were not subjected to l/R injury (STD SHAM and WHEY SHAM; n=6 in each). Following 45 minutes of reperfusion, serum transaminase levels as well as GSH, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, apoptotic index (Al) and HO-1 gene expression In liver tissue were determined. Half of the animals In both injury groups were surveilled for a week without sampling. Results: Intracellular GSH levels in WHEY SHAM group were significantly higher than those of STD SHAM group which indicated a successful preconditioning. Preconditioning by "whey" protein feeding prior to l/R injury (WHPR l/R) significantly ameliorated the increased levels of serum transaminase as well as liver MDA levels and Ai in CONTROL l/R group. Survival of the rats In both injury groups were not different. "Whey" preconditioning also significantly increased GSH levels, whereas HO-1 expression was lower when compared to rats subjected to l/R Injury without preconditioning. Conclusion: Feeding with "whey" protein successfully resulted high GSH content in rat liver. Whey preconditioning ameliorated hepatic l/R Injury. HO-1 enzyme seems to have a less important role in antioxidant defense system when GSH production was induced prior to l/R injury.