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    A two-year comparative study on varicella-zoster virus incidence before and after COVID-19
    (Open Journal of Clinical & Medical Case Reports, 2024) Heydari, Daryuş; Kaya, Çağdaş; Heydari, Ayli; Sezgin, Gülbüz
    Objective: This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence and characteristics of herpes zoster cases before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on herpes zoster cases diagnosed in 2019 and 2022. Data collected included patient demographics, lesion distributions, COVID-19 PCR test results, and vaccination statuses. Statistical analyses using SPSS were performed to compare findings between the two periods. Results: In 2019, 25 out of 1578 patients (1.584%) were diagnosed with herpes zoster, whereas in 2022, the number rose to 40 out of 3024 patients (1.322%), reflecting a 60% increase in case numbers but a 0.262% decrease in incidence rate. The average patient age decreased from 62 years in 2019 to 58.6 years in 2022. Among the 2022 cases, 35% tested positive for COVID-19, and vaccination statuses varied, with 27.5% having received four vaccine doses. Conclusion: The study indicates a significant rise in herpes zoster cases post-COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination era, despite a decrease in incidence rates. This surge may be linked to direct and indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine-induced immune responses, and pandemic-related stress. Further investigation is warranted to delve into underlying mechanisms and potential causal relationships in greater depth.
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    Renal Failure, Spina Bifida, and Porphyria A Case Report and Review of the Literature
    (Medical &Clinical Case Report Journal, 2024) Heydari, Ayli; Kaya, Çağdaş; Sezgin, Gülbüz
    This case report details the complex clinical presentation of a 33-year-old female with a history of meningomyelocele spina bifida, who developed early-onset renal failure and was later diagnosed with porphyria. The patient presented with bullous lesions on sun-exposed areas, which led to the investigation of potential underlying metabolic disorders. Despite surgical interventions for spina bifida, the patient’s urinary function remained compromised, eventually progressing to stage 5 vesicourethral reflux and requiring long-term dialysis. The porphyria diagnosis was confirmed through a spot urine porphobilinogen test followed by a 24-hour urine analysis, and the specific subtype was found to be VP (Variegate Porphyria) confirmed by a genetic analysis. This case emphasizes the importance of considering porphyria in patients with unexplained dermatological and neurological symptoms, particularly when coexisting with other congenital or chronic conditions. The overlap of renal failure, spina bifida, and porphyria in this patient underscores the challenges in diagnosis and management, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary care. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent complications and improve quality of life, particularly in rare and complex presentations such as this one. This report aims to raise awareness among clinicians about the potential for delayed diagnosis of porphyria, which can lead to severe and irreversible complications.