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    Awareness of sexually-transmitted diseases and risky sexual behavior in bipolar patients: A comparative study with healthy controls [i·ki uçlu duygudurum bozuklugu olan hastalarda cinsel yolla bulaşan hastal?klar hakk?ndaki bilgi düzeyi ve riskli cinsel davran?şlar: Sagl?kl? kontrol grubu ile karş?laşt?rmali Bir çal?şma]
    (2009) Hariri A.G.; Karadag F.; Gökalp P.; Aksoy U.M.
    Objective: It is known that patients with bipolar mood disorder have a high risk of acquiring sexually-transmitted diseases (STD). The objective of this study was to evaluate bipolar outpatients regarding their knowledge on STD and possible high risk sexual behaviors, and to compare both sexes in patient group and patients with healthy controls. Method: A total of 129 outpatients with DSM-IV Bipolar Disorder (BP) in remission state and 98 healthy controls were included in the study. Participants were given a demographic questionnaire, an evaluation form about awareness of sexually-transmitted diseases, and a semi-structured form on risky sexual behavior to assess patients' sexual behavior during acute episodes of their illness. Results: In general, level of information about STD was very low. The most known STD was AIDS. 43% (n=55) of bipolar patients reported increased sexual activity during acute episodes. In BP group both sexes displayed high-risk sexual activity, but male patients especially seemed to have more risky behavior. Discussion: It is noteworthy that, although methods of protection from diseases were known to some degree, they were applied properly in neither groups nor sexes. It seems that not only BP patients but general population also need to be informed and educated on risky sexual behavior. © Archives of Neuropsychiatry, Published by Galenos Publishing. All rights reserved.
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    Development of the Addiction Profile Index Internet Addiction Form (APIINT): Validity and reliability
    (Yerkure Tanitim ve Yayincilik Hizmetleri A.S., 2015) Ogel K.; Karadag F.; Satgan D.; Koc C.
    Objective: To adapt the Addiction Profile Index (API) for internet use and addiction in order to develop an internet addiction questionnaire better suited to the definition of addiction to be used for clinical purposes. Method: The questions of the API were adapted to measure the use of the internet. After pilot application and feedback, a new scale of 18 items was developed. Included in the study were 103 randomly selected first-year students of a private high school and the entire first year cohort of a medical faculty (n=51). The Internet Addiction Scale developed by Nichols and adapted to Turkish by Canan was used for the validation of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was reapplied to the subjects fifteen days later. Results: Cronbach's a coefficient for the total APIINT was 0.88, and retest correlation was 0.85. Three factors were obtained using explanatory factor analysis that represented 57.03% of the total variance. A correlation coefficient of 0.81 was found between APIINT and Internet Addiction Scale. The area under the ROC curve was 0.97.With a total APIINT cut-off score of 2, both the scale's sensitivity and specificity were 0.90, respectively. A screening form consisting of 2 questions with a cut-off score 3.5 had a sensitivity of 0.72 and its specificity was 0.83. Conclusion: The results show that the APIINT is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used for high school and university students.
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    The development, validity, and reliability of the addiction profile index (API)
    (Turkish Association of Nervous and Mental Health, 2012) Ögel K.; Evren C.; Karadag F.; Gürol D.T.
    Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a practical questionnaire for multidimensional assessment of problems associated with alcohol and substance abuse that would also be useful for treatment planning. Materials and Methods: The Addiction Profile Index (API) is a self-report questionnaire consisting of 37 items and the following 5 subscales: characteristics of substance use; dependency diagnosis; the effects of substance use on the user; craving; motivation to quit using substances. The study included 345 alcohol and/or substance abusers from 2 addiction treatment clinics and a prison addiction service. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed using the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Readiness to Change Questionnaire (SOCRATES), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), Drug Craving Scale (DCS), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), and Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Results: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total API was 0.89 and for the subscales it ranged from 0.63 to 0.86. Item-total correlation coefficients ranged from 0.42 to 0.89. The Spearman Brown split-half method coefficient for the total API was 0.83. In all, 4 factors were obtained using explanatory factor analysis that represented 52.3% of the total variance. The API craving subscale was observed to be consistent with PACS and the API motivation subscale was consistent with SOCRATES. The API total score was strongly correlated with the mean MAST score, and the composite ASI medical status, substance use, legal status, and family social relations subscale scores. Based on ROC analyses, the area under curve was 0.90. With a total API cut-off score of 4, the scale's sensitivity and specificity 0.85 was 0.78, respectively. Conclusion: The findings show that the API is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used to measure the severity of different dimensions of substance dependency.