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    Fatty acid blood spectrum in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
    (Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2018) Pasiieshvili, Tamara; Zhelezniakova, Nataliya; Anmalugsi, Pius
    Introduction: The development of any chronic disease of internal organs is associated, first of all, with the damage to the cell membrane - multilayered formation of phospholipids. Chronic lipid imbalance of the membrane, resulting from prolonged exposure to a pathogenic factor, can disrupt the specific functions of cells and thereby contribute to the progression of the disease. The aim of the work was to study the state of the fatty acid blood spectrum - structural components of lipids, in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its role in the progression of nosology. Methodology: Twenty-three patients with GERD aged 23 to 46 years and a disease history of 3 to 19 years were examined. The majority were women (73.9%). Norms were obtained in 20 healthy individuals of similar sex and age. The content of fatty acids in the blood serum, the total value of saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were estimated. Results: The 5 most informative fatty acids of blood serum were studied. The main acid of the phospholipid layer is palmitoleic. Its level in patients with GERD was 25.1 ± 1.1% with a norm of 41.9 ± 0.9%. The values of stearic and oleic fatty acids were below the norm and amounted to 7.6 ± 0.3% (control - 15.1 ± 1.1%) and 15.9 ± 0.7% (norm - 24.2 ± 0.6%), respectively. At the same time, the arachidonic acid content exceeded the norm by 8.5 times (11.9 ± 0.5%), while the linoleic acid content increased 1.8 times (28.1 ± 1.1%). Such changes in the level of palmitic acid can lead to the disbalance in the structure of the cell membrane, its imbalance and instability to the action of the pathological agent - conditions for the process chronicization and enhancement of apoptosis. Increase in the level of arachidonic and linoleic acids lead to disruption of the formation of eicosanoids, which has an effect on the distant regulation of homeostatic processes. So, a violation of the ratio of fatty acid content in patients with GERD leads to a disruption in the structure of the cell membrane and, thus, triggers not only the process chronicization and apoptosis, but, apparently, changes the severity of the body’s response to the irritant.