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    International migration law
    (Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2016) Velevska, Jagoda; Mitrevska, Silvana
    1. Definition of international migration and history of migration lnternational migration is a global phenomenon that is growing in scope, complexity and impact. Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. 70,000 years ago, leaving the fertile and warm climate of Africa for yet unknown reasons the first group of our ancestors settled South-east Asia and Australia. Another group travel all the way to the Middle East and continued to central Asia, the human species in 10 millenia reached the remaining continents. As a social phenomenon, migration is present long ago. lt occurs in all societies by various historical, social and cultural reasons and the reactions of individuals and communities to migration can be very different. Throughout history, migration occurred voluntarily or involuntarily, within or across the borders of a country in small or large groups. Reasons for moving may be different - religious, class, national, tribal and economic. Achieved comemercial relations contributed to the rapid development of colonies and wealth of queens. With the support of riches Europeans prompted by swimming the ocean and transmitting language, religion and culture and shaping the lives of colonies following the example of the country of origin. lnspired by economic reasons, this voIuntary migration raised and forced trafficking of African slaves, physically strong, accustomed to a tropical climate and resistant to diseases that occur there. Africans were cheap labor and necessary for plantations of Spanish, French and English crown. The word migration is described as a movement of people from one place to another in order for permanent or temporary change of residence. Probably the biggest mass migration in history was played in 1947 at the origin of the two countries lndia and Pakistan. lt is estimated that approximately 4.5 million people have fled their homes because of religious or other reasons. Muslims rushed to pakistan, and members of the Hindu and Sikh community to lndia, 2. ln search of a better life ln migration studies, sociologists and demographers distinguish positive and negative factors. Negative factors are related to the place where migrants are leaving and present the reasons for leaving. They include; poor health care, fear of torture and pressure, inability to professing of religion or political beliefs, lack of jobs, poor living conditions, lack of opportunity for training and education, natural disasters. Positive factors are concerning the place chose by the migrant to settle and the migrants explain why they have chosen this place or country to live. They include: physical security, better medical care, a higher standard of living, the possibility of getting a job, education, family reunification. The country or place of arrival often gets young migrant population, which can fill empty jobs and contribute to state coffers by taxes. By filling jobs production grows faster and the economy develops. 3. lnternational Movement of Red cross and Red crescent offers migration should not be seen as a disadvantage, but an advantage and a sign of adjustment, especially if we consider the inevitable conseqences of climate change. ln their view, it is necessary to utilize the full economic and social potential ol migration, and to warn of the negative effects both in countries of origin and countries of arrival. 4. There is a consensus on the sovereign right of the state to control immigration in its territory. This right does not call into question our lnternational Organization for Migration, our High Commissioner for Refugees, or any other influential organization that deals with these issues. However, given the right for final decision to the states on this issue does not mean that, the decision is necessarily correct and must not be criticized at least in terms of moral principles. 5. What is international migration law (IML)? lnternational migration law (lML), which is the international legal framework governing migration is not covered by single legal instrument or norm. lnstead, lML is an umbrella term covering a variety of principles and rules that regulate together the international obligations of States with regard to migrants. Such broad range of principles and rules belong to numerous branches of international law such as human rights law, humanitarian law, labor law, refugee law, consular law and maritime law. 6. The reasons for creating I0M(lnternational Organization for Migration) Recognition of the human rights of migrants was the need to protect migrants leaving Europe from the vicissitudes and dangers of migration.