Türk hukukunda Askeri Mahkemeler ve görev sorunları
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2012
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Maltepe Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de silahlı kuvvetlerin kendine özgü bir hukuk düzeni vardır ve bu düzenin işlenen suçlarla ihlali halinde düzen ve disiplinin yeniden, adaletli bir şekilde ve süratle temini, askeri ceza yargısının temel varlık sebebini oluşturur. Dünyadaki gelişmelere paralel olarak Osmanlı Devletinde de, askerlerin her türlü davasına bakan “kadı asker” makamının kurulması ve 1837 tarihli Kanunname-i Ceza-i Askeriye’nin kabul edilmesiyle kurulan askeri ceza yargısı, 1961 Anayasası ile birlikte askeri ceza yargısına ilişkin özel kanunların kabul edilmesiyle günümüzdeki haline kavuşmuştur.Askeri ceza yargısında ilk derece mahkemeleri “askeri mahkemeler” ve “disiplin mahkemeleri”dir. Bu mahkemelerce verilen hükümlerin temyiz incelemesini yapan üst mahkeme Askeri Yargıtay’dır. Ayrıca, asker kişileri ilgilendiren ve askeri hizmete ilişkin idari işlem ve eylemlerden doğan uyuşmazlıklar da ilk ve son derece mahkemesi olarak Askeri Yüksek İdare Mahkemesinde çözüme kavuşturulur. Askeri ceza yargısında mahkeme yanında ayrıca bir askeri savcılık teşkilatı vardır. Askeri savcı iddia makamı olarak, ağır ceza mahkemesinin görevine giren suçlar veya gecikmesinde sakıncalı durumlarda soruşturmaya re’sen (kendiliğinden) başlamakta, diğer durumlarda soruşturma, komutanın istemi üzerine yapılmaktadır. Türk yargı sistemi içinde askeri ceza yargı organlarının, olağan ve genel mahkemelere nazaran özel yargılama makamları olduğu söylenebilir. Genel yargıdan tamamen bağımsız olarak teşkil edilen askeri ceza yargısı tek dereceli olup, genel yargı sisteminin aksine istinaf sistemi kabul edilmemiştir. Ülkemizde 2004 yılında yeni ceza hukuku sistemi kabul edilmiş, bu kapsamda askeri ceza yargısı alanında da uyum yasası değişiklikleri yapılmış, ancak istisnai olarak askeri yargılama usulüne ve askeri disipline özgü bazı hususlarda birtakım farklı hükümler benimsenmiştir. 12 Eylül 2010 tarihinde halk oylaması sonucu kabul edilen Anayasa değişiklikleri de askeri ceza yargısının, mahkemelerin bağımsızlığı ve hakimlik teminatı gibi evrensel ilkeler doğrultusunda yeniden yapılandırılmasını amaçlamakta olup, bu doğrultuda yasal düzenlemelerin de bir an önce yapılması gerekmektedir
As it is in all over the world, in our country Armed Forces have a specialized rule of law, and in case of any violation to this rule of law by the crimes committed, it is the basic cause of existence of the military criminal jurisdiction to restore the order and discipline in a speedy and justiciable manner.The military criminal law which was established by the Ottoman Empire parallel to the developments in the world to deal with all military litigations by the name of “Qadi`asker” (judge of the army) and by the promulgation of “Military Criminal Law” dated 1837, has evolved to its present statue by way of adoption of special code of laws in accordance with the Constitution dated 1961.It is “the Courts Martial” and “Disciplinary Tribunals” which form the court of rst instance in the military criminal law. And the decisions of these courts are subject to be appealed before the Military Court of Appeals. Moreover, the conicts which are related to the military personnel or administrative actions related to the military service are solved in the Military High Administrative Court which acts both as a rst stage court and as a court of appeal.In military criminal law, there is a military prosecution institution besides every military court. The military prosecutor, as the counsel for the prosecution, begins to prosecute a case spontaneously in the case of severe crimes or in the cases in which it is important to avoid any delays. In other cases, the prosecution begins with the order of the authorized commander.With respect to Turkish judicial system, it can be expressed that the military criminal courts are kind of specialized courts when compared to usual and general courts. The military criminal courts which are established in a totally independent way from the general courts are single-staged and contrary to the general courts have no court of appeals other than the Military Court of Appeal.In Turkey a new criminal law system has come into force in 2004, and in this context there have been many changes in military criminal laws in compliance, but also in some cases which are related to military law of procedure and military discipline, dierent laws are adopted exceptionally.The changes to the Constitution which were adopted by way of a referendum dating to 12 September 2010, are headed to restructure the military criminal law in line with the universal principles like the independence of courts and assurance of the judges, and in accordance with these constitutional advances some legal changes should be made immediately.
As it is in all over the world, in our country Armed Forces have a specialized rule of law, and in case of any violation to this rule of law by the crimes committed, it is the basic cause of existence of the military criminal jurisdiction to restore the order and discipline in a speedy and justiciable manner.The military criminal law which was established by the Ottoman Empire parallel to the developments in the world to deal with all military litigations by the name of “Qadi`asker” (judge of the army) and by the promulgation of “Military Criminal Law” dated 1837, has evolved to its present statue by way of adoption of special code of laws in accordance with the Constitution dated 1961.It is “the Courts Martial” and “Disciplinary Tribunals” which form the court of rst instance in the military criminal law. And the decisions of these courts are subject to be appealed before the Military Court of Appeals. Moreover, the conicts which are related to the military personnel or administrative actions related to the military service are solved in the Military High Administrative Court which acts both as a rst stage court and as a court of appeal.In military criminal law, there is a military prosecution institution besides every military court. The military prosecutor, as the counsel for the prosecution, begins to prosecute a case spontaneously in the case of severe crimes or in the cases in which it is important to avoid any delays. In other cases, the prosecution begins with the order of the authorized commander.With respect to Turkish judicial system, it can be expressed that the military criminal courts are kind of specialized courts when compared to usual and general courts. The military criminal courts which are established in a totally independent way from the general courts are single-staged and contrary to the general courts have no court of appeals other than the Military Court of Appeal.In Turkey a new criminal law system has come into force in 2004, and in this context there have been many changes in military criminal laws in compliance, but also in some cases which are related to military law of procedure and military discipline, dierent laws are adopted exceptionally.The changes to the Constitution which were adopted by way of a referendum dating to 12 September 2010, are headed to restructure the military criminal law in line with the universal principles like the independence of courts and assurance of the judges, and in accordance with these constitutional advances some legal changes should be made immediately.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Genel Yargı, Kadı Asker, Disiplin, Askeri Yargı, Askeri Mahkeme, Askeri Savcı, Evrensel İlkeler, General Jurisdiction, Qadi`asker, Discipline, Military Jurisdiction, Courts Martial, Military Prosecutor, Universal Principles
Kaynak
Maltepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
2
Sayı
1
Künye
Bulduk, S. (2012). Türk hukukunda Askeri Mahkemeler ve görev sorunları. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 1(1-2), s. 9-26.
