Toplumsal hareketlerin sosyal medya ile dönüşümü
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2020
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Başta İnternet olmak üzere, mobil teknolojilerdeki hızlı değişimler, toplumsal hareketleri de her yönüyle etkiledi ve dönüştürdü. Kendine has yeni bir kültürel ortama sahip olan Internet, beraberinde yeni toplumsal ilişki biçimlerini ve hatta yeni toplumsal kimlikleri ortaya çıkardı; birçok STK ve baskı grubu hiç olmadığı kadar aktif bir konuma geldi. İnsanlık, bu denli birbirine yaklaşan ‘kültürlerarası iletişim’ ortamını tarihsel süreçte belki de ilk kez bu denli yoğun bir şekilde tecrübe etmeye başladı. Sosyal medya alanları, kimsenin bigâne kalamayacağı gündem/ler/i belirleyen, ülke yönetimlerine müdahale eden, siyasi ve sivil kararları etkileyen en önemli güç halini aldı. Son yıllarda, giderek artış gösteren ve görünür hale gelen toplumsal hareketlerin neşet ettiği yerler, sosyal medya alanları ve mobil uygulamalardır. ‘Örgütlenme’, ‘kamuoyu oluşturma’, ‘iç haberleşme’, ‘enformasyon edinme’, ‘sempatizan bulma’, ‘baskı grupları oluşturma’, ‘etki sağlama’ gibi amaçların sağlanmasında yine sosyal medya alanları, yeni toplumsal hareketlerin en güçlü mecrasıdır. İnsanlar, bu alanlar sayesinde, artık sokağa çıkmadan da toplumsal hareketlerin katılımcısı haline gelirken; “durdukları yerden dijital eylemlerin destekçisi” oldular. Sosyal medyanın toplumsal olayların, toplum yararına kullanılmasına ve bir toplumun kaderini değiştirmesine belki de en güzel örnek, ülkemizde yaşanan 15 Temmuz Hain Darbe Girişimi idi. 15 Temmuz 2016’da FETÖ’nün organize ettiği hain darbe girişimi sırasında, Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’ın vatandaşları sokaklara davet ettiği sosyal medya mesajı ‘darbeye karşı direniş’te çok önemli bir rol oynamıştı. 2013 yılında, İstanbul, Taksim Gezi parkında başlayan ve ülke geneline yayılan eylemlerin ana mecrası, yine sosyal medyalar olmuştu. Gezi Parkı eylemlerinin ilk günlerinde ortaya çıkan ‘özgürlükçü-demokratik’ söylemlerin, ilerleyen günlerde değişen katılımcı profilinin de etkisiyle daha ‘radikal’ söylemlere yöneldiği görüldü. Eylemciler sosyal medya üzerinden örgütlenirken, eylemlere bizzat katılmayanlar da eylemlerin birer parçası olmuştu. Dünyanın önde gelen medya organlarında, demokrasiye en büyük tehdidin sosyal medyalar olduğu tartışılmaktadır. Gerekçe ise sosyal medyaların toplumsal hareketleri tetikleyen en büyük güç haline gelmesidir. Sosyal medya alanları, yeni toplumsal örgütlenme alanlarıdır; toplumsal hareketlerin de hem en görünür hem de e görünmez yönleri bu alanlarda inşa edilmektedir. Görünmez yönü ile sosyal medyadaki örgütlenmeler için başlıca sorunlar finansal desteklerinin bilinmezliği, yalan haberlerin çok hızlı bir şekilde sürece dahil olması, manipülasyonlara açık olunması, doğru haber-yalan haber ayırt edilemezliği ve anonim hesapların kontrol edilemezliğidir.
Rapid changes in mobile technologies, notably the Internet, have affected and transformed social movements at all points. The Internet, which keeps a unique atmosphere, has revealed new social relationship patterns and even new social identities; many NGOs and pressure groups have become active as they had never been previously. Humanity has started to experience such an intensely “intercultural communication” environment, perhaps for the first time in the historical process. Social media spheres have become the most important power area, which determines the agenda(s) that no one could become uninterested in, intervenes in the governance of the countries, and affects the political and civil decisions. In recent years, social movements that have been increasing and becoming visible are the places where they find their source in social media spheres and mobile applications. Social media spheres are again the most powerful channels of new social movements in providing purposes such as ‘organizing’, ‘forming public opinion’, ‘internal communication’, ‘obtaining information, ‘finding sympathizers’, ‘forming pressure groups’, ‘making an impact’. Thanks to these fields, when people become the participants of social media without going out, they also become the “supporters of digital movements from their seats”. Perhaps, the best example of social media’s use of social events for the benefit of society and changing the destiny of society was the July 15 Treacherous Coup Attempt in our country. During the treacherous coup attempt organized by FETO on July 15, 2016, the social media message that President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan invited citizens to the streets played a very important role in the ‘resistance against the coup’. On the other hand, the main channel of the protests that took place in Taksim Gezi Park in Istanbul in 2013 and spread throughout the country was again social media platforms. It was observed that the ‘libertarian democratic’ discourses that emerged in the early days of the Gezi Park protests turned towards more ‘radical’ discourses with the effect of their changing profile in the following days. As the protesters organized through social media, those who did not directly participate in protests were also a part of movements, too. In prominent media organs of the world, it is discussed that the biggest threat to democracy is social media. The rationale is that social media have become the biggest power that triggers social movements. Social media spheres are new social organization areas; both the most visible and invisible sides of social movements are constructed on these areas. By their invisible aspect, the main problems for organizations in social media are the uncertainty of their financial support, the rapid involvement of fake news, the openness to manipulation, the indistinguishability of true news and fake news, and the uncontrollably of anonymous accounts.
Rapid changes in mobile technologies, notably the Internet, have affected and transformed social movements at all points. The Internet, which keeps a unique atmosphere, has revealed new social relationship patterns and even new social identities; many NGOs and pressure groups have become active as they had never been previously. Humanity has started to experience such an intensely “intercultural communication” environment, perhaps for the first time in the historical process. Social media spheres have become the most important power area, which determines the agenda(s) that no one could become uninterested in, intervenes in the governance of the countries, and affects the political and civil decisions. In recent years, social movements that have been increasing and becoming visible are the places where they find their source in social media spheres and mobile applications. Social media spheres are again the most powerful channels of new social movements in providing purposes such as ‘organizing’, ‘forming public opinion’, ‘internal communication’, ‘obtaining information, ‘finding sympathizers’, ‘forming pressure groups’, ‘making an impact’. Thanks to these fields, when people become the participants of social media without going out, they also become the “supporters of digital movements from their seats”. Perhaps, the best example of social media’s use of social events for the benefit of society and changing the destiny of society was the July 15 Treacherous Coup Attempt in our country. During the treacherous coup attempt organized by FETO on July 15, 2016, the social media message that President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan invited citizens to the streets played a very important role in the ‘resistance against the coup’. On the other hand, the main channel of the protests that took place in Taksim Gezi Park in Istanbul in 2013 and spread throughout the country was again social media platforms. It was observed that the ‘libertarian democratic’ discourses that emerged in the early days of the Gezi Park protests turned towards more ‘radical’ discourses with the effect of their changing profile in the following days. As the protesters organized through social media, those who did not directly participate in protests were also a part of movements, too. In prominent media organs of the world, it is discussed that the biggest threat to democracy is social media. The rationale is that social media have become the biggest power that triggers social movements. Social media spheres are new social organization areas; both the most visible and invisible sides of social movements are constructed on these areas. By their invisible aspect, the main problems for organizations in social media are the uncertainty of their financial support, the rapid involvement of fake news, the openness to manipulation, the indistinguishability of true news and fake news, and the uncontrollably of anonymous accounts.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynak
Bilişim Teknolojileri ve İletişim: Birey ve Toplum Güvenliği
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Sayı
Künye
Sözen, E. (2020). Toplumsal hareketlerin sosyal medya ile dönüşümü / Transformation of social movements through the social media. M. Şeker, Y. Bulduklu, C. Korkut, M. Doğrul (Ed.), Bilişim Teknolojileri ve İletişim: Birey ve Toplum Güvenliği içinde (ss. 47-54.). Ankara: Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi.
