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    Çocuğun dil gelişiminde fonolojik duyarlılığın (ses bilişsel duyarlılığın) karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi
    (Marmara Üniversitesi, 1997) Aktan, Ebru; Oktay, Ayla
    Araştırmada, farklı Alfabe sel Yazı Sistemlerine sahip olan Türkçe ve İngilizcenin dil ve yazı sistemlerinin özelliklerinin, çocukların fonolojik duyarlılık ve gelecekteki okuma becerileri üzerindeki etkileri saptanarak, Türkçe okuma-yazma öğretiminin kolaylaştırılabilmesi için en uygun öğretim yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Farklı yaş gruplarındaki 63 kız, 75 erkek denek üzerinde gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada, öğrencilerin Harf Tanıma, Harf Kullanma, Kelime Çözümleme ve çeşitli Fonolojik Duyarlılık Testlerinde aldıkları puanlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, Türk anaokulu öğrencilerinin Kelime Çözümleme Testi'nde Amerikalı anaokulu öğrencilerine göre daha başarısız oldukları gözlenirken; ilkokul düzeyindeki Türk öğrencilerin, Amerikalı akranları ile karşılaştırıldıklarında çok daha başarılı oldukları saptanmıştır. Türk ve Amerikalı öğrencilerin Fonolojik Duyarlılık Testlerinde aldıkları puanlar karşılaştırıldığında ise, Türk öğrencilerin her iki sınıf düzeyinde de Amerikalı öğrencilerden daha yüksek puanlar elde ettikleri tespit edilmiştir.
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    A cross-linguistic comparison of phonological awareness and word recognition in Turkish and English
    (Taylor & Francis Online, 2002) Oktay, Ayla; Aktan, Ebru
    Phonological awareness has been demonstrated by numerous researchers to be one of the most powerful predictors of subsequent reading success. By considering these predictors as a starting point, the relations between children’s phonological awareness developed at the pre-reading stage and their reading skills were examined and the influences of the features of various language systems and orthographies upon children’s phonological awareness and subsequent reading abilities were studied. The results are important for developing new methods for teaching reading. In this research, besides studying the relationship between the development of children’s phonological awareness and their subsequent reading skills, how the children’s linguistic and orthographic characteristics of English and Turkish effect phonological awareness and subsequent reading success were also analysed. The aim was to recommend the most appropriate method for teaching reading and writing to children acquiring literacy in Turkish. The research was designed as a survey model. The participants of the study were 94 Turkish students (46 girls and 48 boys) attending two public primary schools and two public kindergartens in Istanbul during the 1994–95 educational year and 44 American students (17 girls and 27 boys) at different ages attending a public primary school and its kindergarten in Duluth, Minnesota. In this study, their scores in letter identification tasks (upper-case and lower-case letter identification), letter usage tasks, decoding tasks and various phonological awareness tasks were compared. Turkish and American students’ scores in all tasks, as to grade, language and language unit variables were also analysed, and two-way ANOVA and correlations were also obtained. Whether grade, language and language unit independent variables and their interactions cause significant distinctions between the groups’ scores was examined. The results of this study indicate that while Turkish kindergarten students are less successful than American students in the decoding tasks, Turkish primary school students score higher compared with American children at the same grade level. When the scores of Turkish and American students in phonological awareness tasks were compared, it was found that Turkish students scored higher in both grade levels than American students and it was ascertained that, particularly as the children became literate, the phonological awareness ability of Turkish students increased considerably. These results point to how the spoken language affects the development of phonological awareness and the contribution of this ability to learning to read in alphabetic writing systems.