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    Exposure of nurses to aggression and violence and health outcomes
    (Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Jabak, Farah Hussein; Bannout, Maya
    Aggression is a complex problem that negatively affects patients` and workers` safety and health outcome. Nurses have the highest rates of aggression exposure of all clinical workers, maybe due to the amount and quality of patient interaction. These high rates of acts are difficult to get due to the accurate estimation of both patient aggression and healthcare provider aggression exposure. This research aims to provide the reader with an overview of systematic review and meta-analysis methodology, with a focus on the process of performing a review. There are plenty of risk factors involving aggressive behaviour in health care settings. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration modifies the risk factors for violence in health care such as free movement of the public in health care settings; long waits hours for services; existence of distressed patients and family members; low staffing levels; absence of workplace aggression training; use of hospitals by the criminal justice system; and insufficient community- based care for the mentally ill. Aggressive behaviour usually exists when care is being delayed, delivered, or if care is refused. Workers in healthcare and welfare are vulnerable to extensive psychological stress as a result of verbal and physical violence. Exposure to violence increase work stress. According to the CDC workplace safety and health, the effects of violence range in intensity and include Minor physical injuries, serious physical injuries, temporary and permanent physical disability, psychological trauma, and death. Violence has negative organizational results such as low morale, increased job stress and turnover, reduced trust among management and coworkers, and a hostile working setting. Appropriate institutional precautions and preparation is vital to reduce such attacks and can decrease the stress perception of those affected. The preventative action such as de-escalation training and first aid support are very useful against violence and aggressive behaviour. The organization should work on prioritization staff safety and developing policies and procedures that protect healthcare providers through safety regulators and enforcement mechanisms. Some studies recommended that after violent incidence in the clinical setting that the nurse`s attitude toward the aggressive patient should be observed to look into the causes and the nurse’s Professional quality of life. Finally, violence has a broad spectrum of behaviours that are considered violent or aggressive. The greatest concern should be the personal safety of patient, visitors and employees who are present in a clinical environment.