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    Artificial intelligence and war crimes: an appraisal of threats to the international humanitarian law by autonomous weapons systems
    (Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2019) Muhammad, Taj; Sherwani, Mariam
    The International Humanitarian Law (IHL) has been playing its effective role in making wars less disastrous for the past one and a half century. The international humanitarian law seeded the element of humanity in the consciousness of belligerent parties and human being at large due to which violations of the principles of IHL had become harder to get away with, as these violations in many cases become war crimes. The Geneva Conventions of 1949, which governed multiple aspects of warfare, was quite a comprehensive document for that time. Nevertheless, scientific advancement in the modern era seems to be threatening to IHL. Equipped with Artificial Intelligence, the Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS) puts IHL in general and the principles of distinction, humanity, and proportionality in particular in a compromising position. These principles bind the belligerent parties to (a) target only military objectives and not the civilians and (b) not to launch an attack on military objectives if there is probability of excessive harm to civilians. Furthermore, the AWS also makes the position of the principle of command responsibility of international criminal law defeated. A debate has already been developed between experts about the potential threats of these weapons to IHL. This paper will make an attempt to evaluate the threats to IHL by this artificial intelligence and then suggest the effective initiatives which would bring the issues related to AWS under a treaty law regime in order to curtail the wars within the limits of humanity in the modern era of scientific advancement and Artificial Intelligence.