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    Correlation between leptin and pro-inflammatory cytokines in cortical contusion injury model
    (TURKISH ASSOC TRAUMA EMERGENCY SURGERY, 2011) Karaoglan, Alper; Akdemir, Osman; Cinar, Nilgun; Cal, Mehmet Alpay; Kelten, Bilal; Uzun, Hafize; Colak, Ahmet
    BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate time-dependent changes in leptin concentrations in brain tissue following experimental traumatic brain injury and to examine the relationship with cytokines. METHODS After circular craniectomy, 33 male Wistar-albino rats were positioned on a stereotaxic frame and subjected to cortical contusion injury and then divided into 3 groups based on the depth of deformation as: 0 mm (sham controls, n=3), 1.5 mm (moderate injury, n=15) and 2.7 mm (severe injury, n=15). Animals were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days post-injury. RESULTS One day after moderate injury, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and leptin levels were found to be markedly increased in the brain tissue. On the 3rd and 5th days, the levels returned to the sham-control levels. Following severe injury, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels increased in correlation after the 1st day and reached the sham-control levels on the same days. However, leptin tissue levels decreased on the 1st and 3rd days and normalized to the sham-control levels on the 5th day. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the release of leptin is decreased in the early stage of severe injury. Thus, leptin replacement may play an important role in therapy in cases with severe traumatic brain injury.
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    The effects of resveratrol on vasospasm after experimental subarachnoidal hemorrhage in rats
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2008) Karaoglan, Alper; Akdemir, Osman; Barut, Seref; Kokturk, Sibel; Uzun, Hafize; Tasyurekli, Mustafa; Colak, Ahmet
    Background: Cerebral vasospasin remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with SAH. Although many pharmacologic agents and chemicals have been used to prevent and treat CV, the pathogenesis of that condition has not been established. We investigated the efficacy of resveratrol, a stilbene polyphenol and tyrosine kinase inhibitor that occurs naturally in grapes and red wine, in a murine basilar artery vasospasm model. Methods: Forty-two Wistar albino rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into 3 groups of 14 animals each: the sham-operated control group (group 1), the vasospasm group (group 2), and the treatment group (group 3). In groups 2 and 3, autologous blood (0.3 mL) was injected into the cisterna magna. After that injection, the rats in group 3 received an intravenous injection of resveratrol (10 mg/kg) for 72 hours. The evaluation of the response to both the injection of autologous blood and treatment was based on biochemical markers in tissue and serum and on light microscopic findings from the basilar artery, which were collected at different intervals after experimental SAH. Results: Endothelin-1 levels in brain tissue and serum were higher in the vasospasin group than in the control group (P < .05). In group 3 rats, the administration of resveratrol resulted in significantly lower ET-1 values than those in group 2. Brain and serum lipid peroxidation levels were markedly elevated in group 2 rats but decreased significantly after resveratrol treatment in group 3 rats (P < .05). Superoxide dismutase expression in brain tissue and scrum was lower in group 2 rats than in sham-operated controls, and a significant increase in the SOD level was associated with resveratrol treatment. On examination via light microscopy 72 hours after SAH, the mean perimeters of the arterial lumen in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 719 +/- 16, 411.6 +/- 9, and 590.1 +/- 5.6 mu m, respectively. The mean thickness of the arterial wall was as follows: in group 1, 11.1 +/- 0.8 mu m; in group 2, 16.1 +/- 1.2 mu m; and (after resveratrol treatment) in group 3, 13.4 +/- 0.6 mu m Conclusions: The results Of Our study showed that resveratrol induced the relaxation of smooth muscle in the wall of the basilar artery and may be provided with neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia in a rat model. These effects may be associated with the antioxidant and vasodilatory effects of resveratrol, which could prove to be an agent prophylactic against CV and to be therapeutic for individuals who experience that event. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Hemostasis vs. epidural fibrosis?: A comparative study on an experimental rat model of laminectomy
    (TERMEDIA PUBLISHING HOUSE LTD, 2016) Erdogan, Hakan; Kelten, Bilal; Tuncdemir, Matem; Erturkuner, Salime Pelin; Uzun, Hafize; Karaoglan, Alper
    Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological and biochemical impact and effectiveness of two hemostatic agents, Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) and Microporous Polysaccharide Hemospheres (MPH), on epidural fibrosis in an experimental rat laminectomy model. Material and methods: Twenty adult Wistar albino rats were divided into MPH-treated (n = 6), ABS-treated (n = 6) and control (n = 8) groups. Laminectomy of the lumbar spine was performed in all animals and treatment groups were exposed to MPH and ABS while closure was applied in control group as per usual. Epidural fibrosis was evaluated in all groups macroscopically, histopathologically, biochemically and with electron microscopy four weeks later. Results: Statistically, it was found that MPH-treated group had significantly less epidural fibrosis compared to ABS-treated and control groups. Conclusion: We compared two hemostatic agents for their propensity to cause adhesions in the present study. Our results show that MPH significantly reduces epidural scar formation and dural adhesion in a rat model of laminectomy while ABS increases postoperative fibrosis. (C) 2016 Polish Neurological Society. Published by Elsevier Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.