Iris Murdoch’ın felsefesinde Jean Paul Sartre ve varoluşçuluk
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Özgürlüğüne sahip olduğu oranda sorumlu olan insan, her gün özgür seçimler ve eylemlerle kendini yeniden kurar. Sartre’a göre kendisinden kopup geldiği Varlığa (kendinde-varlık), sahip olduğu bilinciyle (kendi-için-varlık) dönme isteğinde olan insan, Tanrı olmak arzusunda bir varlıktır. Bunun imkansızlığında insan aynı zamanda beyhude bir varlıktır. Iris Murdoch, betimlemesi yapılan varoluşçu bireyi günümüzün modern insanına benzeterek yalnızca dikkat çekici değil aynı zamanda acıklı ve dokunaklı bulur. Murdoch’a göre, biz insanlar, tamamen özgür olarak seçebilen kişiler değiliz, çünkü bilincimiz dünyadan tamamen yalıtılmış değildir ve düşündüğümüz her şeye hâkim olmamız söz konusu olamaz. Üstelik insan, içinde bulunduğu gerçeğin netliğini hayal gücü ve inançlar gibi irrasyonel yapılarla bozar, gerçekliği deforme eder, çarpıtır. Çarpık gerçekliğinin dibinde ikamet eden insanın özgürlüğe mahkûm olduğunu söylemenin mümkün olamayacağını düşünür. Sartre’ın insanı betimlemek üzere getirdiği kavramların ışığına sevgi ve dikkat kavramlarının ışığını katarak her gün kendini ve özgürlüğünü yeniden kurmak zorunda olan günümüz yalnız bireyinin yolunu biraz olsun aydınlatabilir miyiz? Bu tez çalışmasında, Sartre’ın felsefesi ve varoluşçuluk üzerine yaptığı incelemeler, özgürlük, özneler-arasılık ve bağlanma temalarına getirdiği eleştiriler ele alınarak, Murdoch’ın yapıtlarında dikkat, sevgi ve iyi kavramları doğrultusunda yeni bir ahlak anlayışını vurgulayan yanıtlar aranmaktadır.
A person, who is responsible for the extent of his freedom, reconstructs himself every each day through free choices and actions. According to Sartre, the human being who desires to return to the Being (being-in-itself) from which he came with the consciousness (being-for-itself), that he has it, is a being that desires to become God. Within the impossibility of this, human is also a futile being. Iris Murdoch finds the described existential individual not only remarkable but also pathetic and touching, comparing him to today's modern man. According to Murdoch, we humans are not wholly capable to choose, due to fact that our consciousness is not completely isolated from the world and we cannot control everything we think on. Moreover, humans disrupt the clarity of reality with irrational structures such as imagination and beliefs, deforming and distorting reality. She thinks that it is not possible to say that a person who lives at the bottom of his distorted reality is condemned to freedom. Can we shed some light on the path of today's lonely individual, who has to rebuild himself and his freedom every day, by adding the light of the concepts of love and attention to the concepts that Sartre brought to describe humans? In this thesis, through Sartre's philosophy and his contribution on existentialism, his criticisms of the themes of freedom, intersubjectivity and engagement are discussed, and answers are sought on Murdoch's studies that emphasize a new understanding of morality in line with the concepts of attention, love and good.
A person, who is responsible for the extent of his freedom, reconstructs himself every each day through free choices and actions. According to Sartre, the human being who desires to return to the Being (being-in-itself) from which he came with the consciousness (being-for-itself), that he has it, is a being that desires to become God. Within the impossibility of this, human is also a futile being. Iris Murdoch finds the described existential individual not only remarkable but also pathetic and touching, comparing him to today's modern man. According to Murdoch, we humans are not wholly capable to choose, due to fact that our consciousness is not completely isolated from the world and we cannot control everything we think on. Moreover, humans disrupt the clarity of reality with irrational structures such as imagination and beliefs, deforming and distorting reality. She thinks that it is not possible to say that a person who lives at the bottom of his distorted reality is condemned to freedom. Can we shed some light on the path of today's lonely individual, who has to rebuild himself and his freedom every day, by adding the light of the concepts of love and attention to the concepts that Sartre brought to describe humans? In this thesis, through Sartre's philosophy and his contribution on existentialism, his criticisms of the themes of freedom, intersubjectivity and engagement are discussed, and answers are sought on Murdoch's studies that emphasize a new understanding of morality in line with the concepts of attention, love and good.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Varoluşçuluk, Bulantı, Özgürlük, Sevgi, Dikkat, Existentialism, Nausea, Freedom, Love, Attention
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Özavcı, S. (2024). Iris Murdoch’ın felsefesinde Jean Paul Sartre ve varoluşçuluk / Jean Paul Sartre and existentialism in Iris Murdoch’s philosophy. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
