1960-1980 yılları arası beş yıllık kalkınma planlarının irdelenmesi / Assessment of five-year development plan of years between 1960-1980
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Tarih
2006
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Yayıncı
Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma ile 1960-1980 dönemi içerisinde Türkiye de uygulamaya konan Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planlarının özelliklerini, hedeflerini, planlama yöntemlerini kısaca açıklayıp, dönem içinde planların siyasal, sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan irdelenmesi, eksik kalan yönlerinin ve uygulanması gereken yapısal değişikliklerin neler olduğunu belirtmek ve sonuç itibariyle dönemi içeren dört kalkınma planının analizini yapmak amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye planlama kavramıyla 1930'lu yıllarda gündeme gelen sanayi planları sayesinde tanıştı, ilki uygulanan, ikincisi ise II. Dünya Savaşı nedeniyle uygulanamayan sanayi planlarının ardından, 1946 yılında İvedili Sanayi Planı ve Vaner Planı gündeme geldiyse de uygulanamadı. 1950 yılında iktidara gelen Demokrat Parti hükümetinin 27 Mayıs 1960 İhtilaliyle iktidardan indirilmesinin ardından, tüm toplumun ortak görüşü (modüs vivendi) ile toplumun ortak aklı sayesinde kaynakları iyi kullanmanın yaklaşımı ve yöntemi olarak kabul edilen, Sosyalist ülkeler dışında artık birçok batılı ülkenin de uygulamaya koyduğu ve genelde başarılı neticeler elde edilen, sanayi planlarına oranla çok daha geniş perspektifte tüm ülkenin iktisadi, siyasi ve sosyal yapısını ilgilendiren, kalkınma planları gündeme gelmiştir. Kalkınma planları içinde tıpkı Devletçilikte olduğu gibi, sosyalist sistemin bir parçası gibi görüldüğünden değil, dönemin getirdiği pratik ve pragmatik bir çözüm olduğu için tercih edilmiştir. 1963 yılında uygulamaya konulan kalkınma planları ve ulaşılan hedefler açısından değerlendirecek olursak kalkınma açısından, özellikle ilk iki plan dahilinde hedeflenen %7'lik kalkınma hızı hedefinin tutturulduğu, Üçüncü planda hedeften geriye düşmeye başlayıp, dördüncü planda tamamen gerisinde kalındığı önemli bir gerçektir. Türkiye de beş yıllık kalkınma planları ilk iki plan ölçeğinde belirlenen hedefleri yakalayıp başarılı olmuştur. Üçüncü plan dönemi itibariyle hedefler rayından çıkmaya başlayıp, dördüncü plan dahilinde tamamen beklenenin aksi neticeler ortaya çıkmıştır.
Explanations of specifications, objectives, planning methods of five-year development program which had been put into action in Turkey between years 1960 and 1980, assessing plans of that period politically, socially and economically; determining necessary structural changes, and analysing four development plan of the period are aimed by this study. Turkey has got acquainted with planning concept in 1930s by the help of industrial plans that were on the agenda. After the first industrial plan which could not been applied, and the second one which also could not been applied due to the World War-II, Urgent Industrial Plan and Vaner Plan also could not been applied although they had been on the agenda. After throwing out power of Democratic Party by the civil insurrection in 27th of May,1960; which had acceded in 1950, Development Plans which were accepted as method and approach of usage of resources efficiently and well by courtesy of public s common intelligence , which many western countries are applying and successful consequences are gained as a result in general, which pertains to whole country s economical, political and social structure in more wide perspective in relative to industrial plans, has come into agenda with modüs vivendi (the public s common vision). Development plans have been choosen because it was a practical and pragmatic solution which had come up with the period, not because it seemed as a part of socialist system identical to state socialism. If we assess the development plans which were put into action in 1963, according to its objectives; the target 7 percent development acceleration is acquired especially in first two plan. It is also an important truth that this percent has fallen down in third plan and stayed low in the fourth plan. Development plans in Turkey have been successful by acquiring the targeted numbers in the first two plans. However, targets have got off the rails in the third plan and had completely opposite results than expected in the fourth plan.
Explanations of specifications, objectives, planning methods of five-year development program which had been put into action in Turkey between years 1960 and 1980, assessing plans of that period politically, socially and economically; determining necessary structural changes, and analysing four development plan of the period are aimed by this study. Turkey has got acquainted with planning concept in 1930s by the help of industrial plans that were on the agenda. After the first industrial plan which could not been applied, and the second one which also could not been applied due to the World War-II, Urgent Industrial Plan and Vaner Plan also could not been applied although they had been on the agenda. After throwing out power of Democratic Party by the civil insurrection in 27th of May,1960; which had acceded in 1950, Development Plans which were accepted as method and approach of usage of resources efficiently and well by courtesy of public s common intelligence , which many western countries are applying and successful consequences are gained as a result in general, which pertains to whole country s economical, political and social structure in more wide perspective in relative to industrial plans, has come into agenda with modüs vivendi (the public s common vision). Development plans have been choosen because it was a practical and pragmatic solution which had come up with the period, not because it seemed as a part of socialist system identical to state socialism. If we assess the development plans which were put into action in 1963, according to its objectives; the target 7 percent development acceleration is acquired especially in first two plan. It is also an important truth that this percent has fallen down in third plan and stayed low in the fourth plan. Development plans in Turkey have been successful by acquiring the targeted numbers in the first two plans. However, targets have got off the rails in the third plan and had completely opposite results than expected in the fourth plan.
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Beydemir, C. (2006). 1960-1980 yılları arası beş yıllık kalkınma planlarının irdelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
