Diplomasi tarihinde gayri nizami harp tecrübeleri / Experiences of ırregular warfare in the history of diplomacy
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tezimize konu olan gayrinizami harp, tarih boyunca her coğrafyada gerçekleşmiş ve tarih boyunca önem taşımış bir savaş tekniğidir. Düzensiz savaş insanlığın tarihi kadar eski olmakla beraber günümüzde, farklı bölgelerde ve şekillerde devam etmektedir. Ancak düzensiz bir silahlı kuvvetin, düzenli bir kuvvete karşı savaşması meselesi savaş tarihinde daha yeni bir dönemi ifade etmektedir. Gayrinizami savaşı tanımlayan net bir tanım bulmak oldukça zordur; bunun nedeni her coğrafya ve kültüre göre bu savaş biçimine dahil olanların farklı şekillerde adlandırılmış olmasıdır. Ancak anlaşılır ve kabul gören bir tanım yapılması gerekirse; küçük ve gizli birlikler tarafından icra edilen ve düzenli ordu birlikleri dışında kalan, silahlı birliklerce yürütülen faaliyetler bütünüdür. Gayrinizami savaşın en belirgin özelliği kamuoyu ve kitlelerin, savaşa dahil edilmesidir. Bu savaş biçiminde politika ve politize olmuş bireyler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Gayrinizami harp her ne kadar güçsüzün güçlü karşısında verdiği mücadele olarak tanımlansa da düzenli ordularca siyasi ve askeri hedeflere ulaşmak içinde kullanılmıştır. Geçmişte ve günümüzde devletlerin varlıklarını sürdürebilmeleri için belli şartlar vardır. Bunlardan şüphesiz en önemlileri güçlü bir ordu ve ekonomiye sahip olmaktır. Her ordunun ise bulunduğu coğrafya ve sahip olduğu ekonomik imkanlara göre belirlediği bir savaş stratejisi vardır. Yine günümüzde en çok tercih edilen, uygulanan ve tezimize konu olan savaş stratejisi; gayrinizami savaş ve ayaklanmalara karşı koyma harekatlarıdır. Gayrinizami birliklerin savaşlardaki rolü üzerine birçok kitap yazılmış ve teori üzerine çalışma yapılmıştır. Ancak bu birliklerin nasıl kurulacağı ve harekete geçirileceği teorisi son yüzyılda geliştirilmiştir. Bu muharebe biçimi özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemde yaygınlaşmıştır. Tezimize konu seçerken ülkemizin de güncel sorunlarından olan terör ve gayrinizami kuvvetlere karşı yapılan harekatlardan yola çıkarak bu konuyu inceledik. Tezimizin başlığını da “Diplomasi Tarihinde Gayri Nizami Harp Tecrübeleri” olarak belirledik. Başlangıçta temel kavramlar olarak belirlediğimiz gayrinizami savaşın tanımlamasını yaptıktan sonra kavramlara değindik. Konuyla ilgili teorinin öncüleri, örnek savaşlar ve gayrinizami kuvvetlere karşı yapılan harekatlar 2. Bölümü oluşturdu. 3. Bölümde ise çeşitli değerlendirmeler ve bu savaş biçiminin ortaya çıkış sebeplerini inceledik. 4. Bölümü ise Osmanlı Devleti’nden günümüze kadar gayrinizami harbin gelişimine ayırırken aynı bölümde Balkan Savaşları, Kurtuluş Savaşı ve Cumhuriyet Dönemi gayrinizami hareketlere değindik. Gayrinizami harp tekniğinin çok eski bir geçmişe dayandığı ve günümüzde dünya üzerinde yaygın şekilde uygulandığı görülmektedir. Terör, ayaklanma ve isyan gibi devletlerin otoritesini kesintiye uğratan sorunların aşılmasında gayrinizami harbi anlamanın büyük faydası olacağını düşünmekteyiz. Savaş alanında ve diğer alanlarla teknoloji ne kadar gelişirse gelişsin savaşan, savaşın yöntem ve teknikleri uygulayan insandır. Bu nedenle en yaygın muharebe tekniklerinden olan gayrinizami harbin üzerinde önemle durulmalıdır.
Irregular warfare, the topic of our thesis, is a military technique that has occurred and held significance throughout history in every geography. Although irregular warfare is as old as human history itself, it continues to exist today in different regions and forms. However, the issue of irregular armed forces fighting against regular forces represents a relatively newer period in the history of warfare. It is quite difficult to find a precise definition of irregular warfare because this form of warfare has been labeled differently according to various geographies and cultures. Nevertheless, if we were to provide a clear and widely accepted definition, it would be: a set of activities conducted by small and clandestine units, which are not part of regular army forces. A defining characteristic of irregular warfare is the involvement of the public and masses. In this form of warfare, politics and politicized individuals come to the forefront. Although irregular warfare is often described as the struggle of the weak against the strong, it has also been used by regular armies to achieve political and military objectives. For states to maintain their existence both in the past and today, certain conditions are undoubtedly essential, among which having a strong army and economy are crucial. Every army has a war strategy determined by its geographical location and economic capabilities. Today, the most preferred and applied war strategy, which is also the subject of our thesis, is countering irregular warfare and insurgencies. Numerous books have been written and theoretical studies have been conducted on the role of irregular units in warfare. However, the theory on how to establish and mobilize these units has been developed in the last century. This form of combat became particularly widespread after World War II. When choosing the topic of our thesis, we examined the issue based on current problems in our country, such as terrorism and operations against irregular forces. We titled our thesis “Experiences of Irregular Warfare in the History of Diplomacy.” After defining the basic concepts of irregular warfare, we discussed the concepts. The second chapter covers the pioneers of theory related to the topic, example wars, and operations against irregular forces. In the third chapter, we examined various evaluations and the reasons for the emergence of this form of warfare. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the development of irregular warfare from the Ottoman Empire to the present day, including the Balkan Wars, the War of Independence, and irregular movements in the Republican Era. It is evident that the technique of irregular warfare has a very ancient history and is widely practiced across the world today. We believe that understanding irregular warfare will be highly beneficial in overcoming issues such as terrorism, insurgency, and rebellion, which disrupt state authority. No matter how advanced technology becomes in warfare and other fields, it is ultimately human beings who fight and apply the methods and techniques of warfare. Therefore, the importance of irregular warfare, one of the most common combat techniques, should be emphasized.
Irregular warfare, the topic of our thesis, is a military technique that has occurred and held significance throughout history in every geography. Although irregular warfare is as old as human history itself, it continues to exist today in different regions and forms. However, the issue of irregular armed forces fighting against regular forces represents a relatively newer period in the history of warfare. It is quite difficult to find a precise definition of irregular warfare because this form of warfare has been labeled differently according to various geographies and cultures. Nevertheless, if we were to provide a clear and widely accepted definition, it would be: a set of activities conducted by small and clandestine units, which are not part of regular army forces. A defining characteristic of irregular warfare is the involvement of the public and masses. In this form of warfare, politics and politicized individuals come to the forefront. Although irregular warfare is often described as the struggle of the weak against the strong, it has also been used by regular armies to achieve political and military objectives. For states to maintain their existence both in the past and today, certain conditions are undoubtedly essential, among which having a strong army and economy are crucial. Every army has a war strategy determined by its geographical location and economic capabilities. Today, the most preferred and applied war strategy, which is also the subject of our thesis, is countering irregular warfare and insurgencies. Numerous books have been written and theoretical studies have been conducted on the role of irregular units in warfare. However, the theory on how to establish and mobilize these units has been developed in the last century. This form of combat became particularly widespread after World War II. When choosing the topic of our thesis, we examined the issue based on current problems in our country, such as terrorism and operations against irregular forces. We titled our thesis “Experiences of Irregular Warfare in the History of Diplomacy.” After defining the basic concepts of irregular warfare, we discussed the concepts. The second chapter covers the pioneers of theory related to the topic, example wars, and operations against irregular forces. In the third chapter, we examined various evaluations and the reasons for the emergence of this form of warfare. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the development of irregular warfare from the Ottoman Empire to the present day, including the Balkan Wars, the War of Independence, and irregular movements in the Republican Era. It is evident that the technique of irregular warfare has a very ancient history and is widely practiced across the world today. We believe that understanding irregular warfare will be highly beneficial in overcoming issues such as terrorism, insurgency, and rebellion, which disrupt state authority. No matter how advanced technology becomes in warfare and other fields, it is ultimately human beings who fight and apply the methods and techniques of warfare. Therefore, the importance of irregular warfare, one of the most common combat techniques, should be emphasized.
Açıklama
Tam Metin / Full Text
Anahtar Kelimeler
Savaş, Gayrinizami harp, Diplomasi, Orta Doğu, Politika, War, Irregular warfare, Diplomacy, Middle East, Politics
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Yayla, A. (2024). Diplomasi tarihinde gayri nizami harp tecrübeleri / Experiences of ırregular warfare in the history of diplomacy. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
