Gündelik hayatta ırkçılık: Kadıköy ve Bağcılar üzerine niteliksel bir araştırma
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkiye'de son yıllarda yaşanılan siyasi ve ekonomik krizler, yerel halkın özellikle Suriye'den ve Afganistan'dan gelen göçmenlere ırkçılık kapsamında değerlendirilebilecek tepkiler göstermesine neden olmuştur. Bu tepkilerin, ileriki yıllarda Türkiye’de kalıcı olabilecek göçmenlere yönelik, toplumsal katılım süreçlerine katılamamaktan kaynaklı toplumsal eşitsizlikleri derinleştirebileceği düşünülmüştür. Bu sorunsaldan hareketle gündelik hayatta ırkçılık bağlamında, göçmenlerin ırkçılığı ne şekilde deneyimlediklerini ve diğer taraftan ev sahibi toplumdan insanların ırkçı pratikleri hangi kültürel arka plana dayanarak meşrulaştırmaya çalıştığını anlamak amacıyla, Aralık 2020'den Kasım 2021'e kadar süren ve niteliksel araştırma kapsamında etnografik ve netnografik araştırma tekniklerinden ve Miles ve Terkedesis'in kuramsal yaklaşımından faydalanılmak suretiyle gerçekleştirilen saha çalışmasında, İstanbul genelinde en fazla Suriyeli göçmenin yaşadığı ve yaşam kalitesi indeksine göre İstanbul'un en geri kalmış bölgelerinden biri olan Bağcılar ilçesinde 22’si göçmen ve 21’i yerli olmak üzere 43, İstanbul'un en gelişmiş ve modernite ile özdeşleştirilen Kadıköy ilçesinde ise 11’i göçmen 26’si yerli olmak üzere toplamda 80 katılımcıyla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmış ve Kadıköy ilçesinin Moda semtinde yerli ve Bağcılar ilçesinde göçmen katılımcıların kullandığı sosyal medya grupları netnografik olarak takip edilmiştir. Saha çalışması sürecinde elde edilen etnografik ve netnografik bulgular, temellendirilmiş kuram bağlamındaki kodlama paradigması çerçevesinde analiz edilmiş ve bunun sonucunda “Gündelik Hayat”, “İçerleme ve Dışlama” ve “Aygıt” başlıkları altında olmak üzere üç ana kategoriye ulaşılmıştır. Üç ana kategorinin birbirleriyle ilişkili olacak şekilde yorumlanmasından sonra, özellikle Suriye’den ve Afganistan’dan gelen göçmenlerin, yerli halk tarafından, ideolojik aygıtla bağlantılı olarak, toplumsal etkileşimler bağlamında pekiştirilen, içerleme ve dışlama süreçleri dahilindeki vicdan, emek, saygı, korku kavramları üzerinden gündelik hayattaki ırkçılık kapsamında sorunsallaştırıldıkları ve görme biçimi kavramında ırksallaştırıldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda toplumsal etkileşim düzleminde gerçekleşen bu ırksallaştırmanın, ırkçı nedenler yaratmak suretiyle zaman, zaman göçmenlere yönelik olarak baskı aygıtını harekete geçirdiği görülmüştür. Baskı aygıtının harekete geçirilmesini sağlayan ırkçı nedenlerin ise, belirli bir zaman sonra, göçmenlerle ilgili kanun veya yönetmelikler temelinde kurumsallaşabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The political and economic crises occurring in Turkey during the recent years have caused the local inhabitants to react especially against the immigrants from Syria and Afghanistan, to such an extent that their reactions can be evaluated in scope of racism. It is thought that such reactions could deepen the social inequalities based on the non-participation of the immigrants, who might stay in Turkey permanently in the future, in scope of the social participation processes. In the light of this problematique and within the context of everyday racism, a field study was carried out in order to understand how the immigrants experienced the racism and how the host society legitimized the racist practices based on which cultural backgrounds, between December 2020 until November 2021, through qualitative study methods as well as ethnographic and nethnographic study techniques in addition to the theoretical approach of Miles & Terkedesis; in-depth interviews were carried out throughout Istanbul, with 43 participants (21 local people & 22 immigrants) in Bagcilar, which is one of the most underdeveloped areas of Istanbul based on life quality index and where the highest number of Syrian immigrants live, in addition to 80 participants (26 local people & 11 immigrants) in Kadıkoy, which is the most developed district of Istanbul that is identified with modernity; moreover, the social media groups used by the local people from Moda sub-district of Kadıkoy and those used by the immigrant participants from Bagcilar were observed netnographically. The ethnographic and nethnographic findings obtained during the field study were analyzed in scope of the coding paradigm within the context of the grounded theory and as a result, three main categories were obtained under the titles of “Everyday Life”, “Inclusion & Exclusion” and “Instrument”. After the mutual interpretation of the three main categories, it is found that the immigrants, especially those coming from the Syria and Afghanistan, were problematized by the local people in scope of the everyday racism through the notions of conscience, labor, respect, fear within the processes of inclusion & exclusion, reinforced within the context of social interactions in relation to the ideological instrument, and racialized in scope of the notion of the form of perception. In this scope, it was observed that this racialization, which occurs in the plane of social interaction, activated the pressure instrument towards the immigrants from time to time, by creating racist reasons. Consequently, it was concluded that the racist reasons, which caused the pressure instrument to become activated, might become institutionalized after a while based on the laws or regulations on the immigrants.
The political and economic crises occurring in Turkey during the recent years have caused the local inhabitants to react especially against the immigrants from Syria and Afghanistan, to such an extent that their reactions can be evaluated in scope of racism. It is thought that such reactions could deepen the social inequalities based on the non-participation of the immigrants, who might stay in Turkey permanently in the future, in scope of the social participation processes. In the light of this problematique and within the context of everyday racism, a field study was carried out in order to understand how the immigrants experienced the racism and how the host society legitimized the racist practices based on which cultural backgrounds, between December 2020 until November 2021, through qualitative study methods as well as ethnographic and nethnographic study techniques in addition to the theoretical approach of Miles & Terkedesis; in-depth interviews were carried out throughout Istanbul, with 43 participants (21 local people & 22 immigrants) in Bagcilar, which is one of the most underdeveloped areas of Istanbul based on life quality index and where the highest number of Syrian immigrants live, in addition to 80 participants (26 local people & 11 immigrants) in Kadıkoy, which is the most developed district of Istanbul that is identified with modernity; moreover, the social media groups used by the local people from Moda sub-district of Kadıkoy and those used by the immigrant participants from Bagcilar were observed netnographically. The ethnographic and nethnographic findings obtained during the field study were analyzed in scope of the coding paradigm within the context of the grounded theory and as a result, three main categories were obtained under the titles of “Everyday Life”, “Inclusion & Exclusion” and “Instrument”. After the mutual interpretation of the three main categories, it is found that the immigrants, especially those coming from the Syria and Afghanistan, were problematized by the local people in scope of the everyday racism through the notions of conscience, labor, respect, fear within the processes of inclusion & exclusion, reinforced within the context of social interactions in relation to the ideological instrument, and racialized in scope of the notion of the form of perception. In this scope, it was observed that this racialization, which occurs in the plane of social interaction, activated the pressure instrument towards the immigrants from time to time, by creating racist reasons. Consequently, it was concluded that the racist reasons, which caused the pressure instrument to become activated, might become institutionalized after a while based on the laws or regulations on the immigrants.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kültürel ırkçılık, Kültürel ırkçılık, Gündelik hayatta ırkçılık, Göç, Suriyeli göçmenler, İstanbul, Cultural racism, Everyday racism, Immigration, Syrian immigrants, Istanbul
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Aydın, O. (2022). Gündelik hayatta ırkçılık: Kadıköy ve Bağcılar üzerine niteliksel bir araştırma / Everyday racism: A qualitative study on Kadıköy and Bağcılar. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
