Göçmenler ve yerel halk açısından toplumsal uyum Yalova’da sosyolojik araştırma / Social harmony for immigrants and local people sociological study in Yalova
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Tarih
2024
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Yayıncı
Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Küreselleşen dünyada birçok toplumsal dinamikle bağlantılı olarak değişen uluslararası göç sürecinin Türkiye açısından da zamanla farklı bir boyut kazandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Yakın zamana kadar Türkiye’ye transit göç şeklinde gerçekleşen ulusötesi göçün 1980’ler itibariyle Türkiye’yi büyük ölçekli, sürekli ve karmaşık bir göç ülkesi haline getirdiği görünmektedir. Fakat son on yılda gerek yurt içinde gerekse yurt dışında yaşanan gelişmeler sonucunda yeniden önemli ve kitlesel göç hareketlerine tanık olunmasıyla Türkiye’nin konumunda da önemli değişiklikler meydana geldiği anlaşılmaktadır. Özellikle yakın coğrafyamızda yaşanan siyasi baskılar, savaş ve güvenlik endişeleri geniş halk kitlelerini can korkusuyla ülkelerini terk etmeye zorlarken coğrafyamızda yaşanan bu gelişmelerin Türkiye’yi göç yolculuğunun son durağı yani hedef ülkesi konumuna getirdiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda Yalova şehrinin de 2010’lardan sonra artan kitlesel göçlere hedef olduğu görünmektedir. Çeşitli sebeplerle ülkelerini terk eden insanların göç ettikleri yeni yere uyumla ilgili birçok sorunla karşılaşmaları muhtemeldir. Göç kaynağı ile hedef ülke arasında kültürel ve sosyal olarak önemli ölçüde farklılıklar olabilir. Değişik ülkelerden göç eden farklı kültürel geçmişe sahip göçmenler göç ettiği yerde göç edilen toplumla farklı şekillerde kültürel etkileşim içinde bulunabilir. Kitlesel göç sonucunda göç alan toplumda önemli kültürel, sosyal ve yapısal değişikliklerin olması beklenebilir.
Bu çalışma kapsamında; Yalova’ya 2010’lardan sonra en fazla göç gerçekleştiren Suriye, Irak, İran, Afganistan, Mısır ve Rusya çevre ülkelerden farklı uyruktan göçmenlerin Yalova’ya uyum süreçlerini göçmen grupların ve ev sahibi konumundaki kent sakinlerinin nasıl deneyimledikleri ve yorumladıkları, benzeşen ve farklılaşan yönleriyle ele alınmıştır. Yerli halkın göçmenlerle olan etkileşiminin kapsamlı boyutlarına ve göçmenliğe bakış açılarına odaklanmayı amaçlayan çalışmada, nitel araştırma teknikleri tercih edilmiştir. Böylelikle yerli halkın göçmenlerle bir arada yaşamaya ilişkin deneyimleri, yorumları ve kurulan ilişkilere yüklenen anlamları, kişilerin kendi anlatıları üzerinden anlamlandırılmaya ve keşfedilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yalova’da yapılan saha araştırmasında maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme ile Irak, Suriye, İran, Afganistan, Mısır ve Rusya gibi değişik ülkelerden göç eden farklı kültürlerden 18 göçmen katılımcı ve 15 yerel halktan katılımcıyla yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat formu aracılığıyla görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniğiyle kavramsallaştırılarak uyum ve göç kuramları çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre göçmenlerin çoğunlukla yerel halkla kültürel temasta bulunurken bir taraftan da kendi kök kültürlerini sürdürerek Yalova’daki toplumsal yaşama uyum çabası içinde olduğu görünmektedir. Yerel halkın dışlaması veya ayrımcılığı nedeniyle göçmenlerin marjinalleşmesinin ise daha az da olsa olası olduğu söylenebilir. Diğer taraftan yerel halkın ise çoğunlukla çokkültürlü yaklaşıma uzak olduğu göçmenlere yönelik “eritme potasını” tercih ettiği söylenebilir.
It is understood that the international migration process, which changes in connection with many social dynamics in the globalizing world, has gained a different dimension over time for Turkey. It seems that transnational migration, which until recently took the form of transit migration to Turkey, has turned Turkey into a large-scale, continuous and complex migration country as of the 1980s. However, as a result of the developments both at home and abroad in the last decade, it is understood that significant changes have occurred in Turkey's position, as significant and mass migration movements have been witnessed again. While political pressures, war and security concerns, especially in our nearby geography, force large masses of people to leave their countries in fear of their lives, it is understood that these developments in our geography have made Turkey the last stop of the migration journey, that is, the target country. In this context, it seems that the city of Yalova has also been the target of increasing mass migration after the 2010s. People who leave their country for various reasons are likely to encounter many problems related to adaptation to the new place they migrate to. There may be significant cultural and social differences between the source of immigration and the destination country. Immigrants from different countries with different cultural backgrounds may interact with the society in different ways in different ways. As a result of mass migration, significant cultural, social and structural changes can be expected in the receiving society. This scope of work; Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Egypt and Russia, the countries that migrated the most to Yalova after the 2010s, are the immigrants of different nationalities and how they experience and interpret the adaptation processes of immigrant groups and host city residents to Yalova, with their similarities and differences. taken. Qualitative research techniques were preferred in the study, which aims to focus on the comprehensive dimensions of the interaction of local people with immigrants and their perspectives on immigration. Thus, the experiences of the local people about living together with immigrants, their interpretations and the meanings attached to the established relationships were tried to be interpreted and discovered through the people's own narratives. In the field research conducted in Yalova, with maximum diversity sampling, interviews were held with 18 immigrant participants from different cultures and 15 local participants from different countries such as Iraq, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan, Egypt and Russia, through a semi-structured interview form. The data obtained was conceptualized with the descriptive analysis technique and analyzed within the framework of integration and migration theories. According to the findings of the study, it seems that immigrants mostly try to adapt to social life in Yalova by maintaining their own root culture while having cultural contact with the local people. It can be said that the marginalization of immigrants due to exclusion or discrimination by local people is less likely. On the other hand, it can be said that the local people are mostly distant from the multicultural approach and prefer the "melting pot" towards immigrants.
It is understood that the international migration process, which changes in connection with many social dynamics in the globalizing world, has gained a different dimension over time for Turkey. It seems that transnational migration, which until recently took the form of transit migration to Turkey, has turned Turkey into a large-scale, continuous and complex migration country as of the 1980s. However, as a result of the developments both at home and abroad in the last decade, it is understood that significant changes have occurred in Turkey's position, as significant and mass migration movements have been witnessed again. While political pressures, war and security concerns, especially in our nearby geography, force large masses of people to leave their countries in fear of their lives, it is understood that these developments in our geography have made Turkey the last stop of the migration journey, that is, the target country. In this context, it seems that the city of Yalova has also been the target of increasing mass migration after the 2010s. People who leave their country for various reasons are likely to encounter many problems related to adaptation to the new place they migrate to. There may be significant cultural and social differences between the source of immigration and the destination country. Immigrants from different countries with different cultural backgrounds may interact with the society in different ways in different ways. As a result of mass migration, significant cultural, social and structural changes can be expected in the receiving society. This scope of work; Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Egypt and Russia, the countries that migrated the most to Yalova after the 2010s, are the immigrants of different nationalities and how they experience and interpret the adaptation processes of immigrant groups and host city residents to Yalova, with their similarities and differences. taken. Qualitative research techniques were preferred in the study, which aims to focus on the comprehensive dimensions of the interaction of local people with immigrants and their perspectives on immigration. Thus, the experiences of the local people about living together with immigrants, their interpretations and the meanings attached to the established relationships were tried to be interpreted and discovered through the people's own narratives. In the field research conducted in Yalova, with maximum diversity sampling, interviews were held with 18 immigrant participants from different cultures and 15 local participants from different countries such as Iraq, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan, Egypt and Russia, through a semi-structured interview form. The data obtained was conceptualized with the descriptive analysis technique and analyzed within the framework of integration and migration theories. According to the findings of the study, it seems that immigrants mostly try to adapt to social life in Yalova by maintaining their own root culture while having cultural contact with the local people. It can be said that the marginalization of immigrants due to exclusion or discrimination by local people is less likely. On the other hand, it can be said that the local people are mostly distant from the multicultural approach and prefer the "melting pot" towards immigrants.
Açıklama
Tam Metin / Full Text
Anahtar Kelimeler
Göç, Türkiye'de göç, Sosyal uyum, Çok kültürlülük, Yalova, Migration, Migration in Türkiye, Social harmony, Multiculturalism
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WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Künye
Gül, O. (2024). Göçmenler ve yerel halk açısından toplumsal uyum Yalova’da sosyolojik araştırma / Social harmony for immigrants and local people sociological study in Yalova. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
