Schindler’in Listesi ve Schopenhauer’in Özgür İnsanı
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Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
SineFilozofi
Erişim Hakkı
CC0 1.0 Universal
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Schopenhauer’e göre, insan, hem bilen yanı hem de isteyen yanı olan ikili bir varlıktır. İnsanlar arasındaki farkı belirleyen de istemeleri ve bilgileri arasındaki ilişkinin türüdür. Bu ilişki, temelde iki farklı insan tipini ortaya çıkarır. İlki, özgür olmayan, bilgisi istemesinin emrinde olan, yani nedensel bağlantılar içerisinde yaşayan insandır. Bilgisi istemesinin elinde olan insanın yapıp etmeleri eğilimleri tarafından belirlenir. O, istemesinin kölesi olur. İstemesinin kölesi olan insanın eylemlerinin temelinde bencillik yatar. İkincisi, özgür olan, sarsıntılı bir görme anında temel istemenin ne olduğunu açık seçik görmüş, onun tek tek şeylerde oynadığı sonu gelmeyen oyunu kavramış ve bu oyuna hayır diyerek kendi istemesini kırmış insandır. Bu sarsıntılı görme anını yaşamakla ve kendi istemesine hayır demekle o, bugüne kadar geliştirdiği ve eylemlerini zorunlu olarak belirleyen karakterini "silmiştir". Bu insan, tek tek durumların ve nedensel bağlar dünyasının ötesini görebilen ve bugüne kadar istenmemiş olan şeyleri isteyen insandır. Bu makalede, Steven Spielberg’in Schindler’s List (Schindler’in Listesi, 1993) filminde Schopenhauer’in bahsettiği iki insan tipinin görülebileceği öne sürülmektedir. Filmde, Plaszow kampının komutanı Amon Goeth, istemesinin tutsağı olan, kendi istemesini onaylayarak başkalarının istemesini değilleyen, kendi çektiği acıları hafifletmek için başkalarına acı çektiren ve bundan zevk alan özgür olmayan insanı temsil etmektedir. Buna karşılık, Oskar Schindler, sarsıntılı bir görme anında kişiliğini aşarak temel istemenin yapısını kavramış ve onun oyuncağı olmayı kendi istemesine hayır diyerek reddetmiş, böylece o ana kadar eylemlerini belirleyen karakterini silip atmış bir insan olarak karşımıza çıkar. O, insanlara ve bütün varolanlara kendi istemesiyle bağ kurmadan, çıkarlarıyla ilgisini düşünmeden bakabilen, nedensel ilişkilerin ötesine geçebilen özgür insandır.
According to Schopenhauer, human beings have both knowing and willing aspects. The type of the relation between knowing and willing aspects determines the difference among human beings. These relations bring out two different human types. One is the type who is not free, who lives in causal relations and whose knowledge is controlled by his will. His actions are determined by his inclinations. He is the slave of his will. The other is the type who is free, who sees the play of the will in a shaky moment of experience and who can negate his will. Having this experience, saying no to his will, he erases his character which determines his doings with necessity. This person sees above causal relations and wills what is not willed yet. In this article, it is argued that we can observe those two types of human beings in Spielberg’s Schindler’s List. In the movie, the commander of Plaszow camp, Amon Goeth, represents the type of human being who is not free. He is the slave of his own will, so he ignores the will of others. In order to ease his sufferings, he makes other people suffer and has pleasure from it. As opposed to him, Oscar Schindler, represents the type of human being who is free. In a shaky moment of vision, exceeding his character, he conceives the structure of the will, saying no to his own will he denies being enslaved by it. Thus, he erases his character which has determined his actions until that moment. He is a free human being who relates to others without considering his own will and utility, and who can move beyond causal relations.
According to Schopenhauer, human beings have both knowing and willing aspects. The type of the relation between knowing and willing aspects determines the difference among human beings. These relations bring out two different human types. One is the type who is not free, who lives in causal relations and whose knowledge is controlled by his will. His actions are determined by his inclinations. He is the slave of his will. The other is the type who is free, who sees the play of the will in a shaky moment of experience and who can negate his will. Having this experience, saying no to his will, he erases his character which determines his doings with necessity. This person sees above causal relations and wills what is not willed yet. In this article, it is argued that we can observe those two types of human beings in Spielberg’s Schindler’s List. In the movie, the commander of Plaszow camp, Amon Goeth, represents the type of human being who is not free. He is the slave of his own will, so he ignores the will of others. In order to ease his sufferings, he makes other people suffer and has pleasure from it. As opposed to him, Oscar Schindler, represents the type of human being who is free. In a shaky moment of vision, exceeding his character, he conceives the structure of the will, saying no to his own will he denies being enslaved by it. Thus, he erases his character which has determined his actions until that moment. He is a free human being who relates to others without considering his own will and utility, and who can move beyond causal relations.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Schindler’in Listesi, Schopenhauer, özgürlük, isteme, freedom, will
Kaynak
SineFilozofi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Soltekin, M. F. ve Arlı Çil, D. (2020). Schindler’in Listesi ve Schopenhauer’in Özgür İnsanı / Schindler’s List and Schopenhauer’s Free Man. SineFilozofi, ss. 91-109.
