Felsefi danışmanlık ile ilişkisinde Epiktetos’un özgürlük anlayışı / Epictetus’ notion of freedom in relation to philisophical counseling
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Date
2024
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Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
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Abstract
Epiktetos’un kölelikten filozofluğa uzanan yolculuğu insanlara erdemli, özgür ve mutlu bir yaşam için rehberlik yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bu rehberlik ve Stoa felsefesinden yola çıkarak, günümüz öznesinin özgürlük arayışına Epiktetos’un özgürlük anlayışı ışığında felsefi danışmanlık ile yanıt verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, felsefi danışmanlık ile ilişkisinde Epiktetos’un özgürlük anlayışı analiz edilerek bu anlayışın felsefi danışmanlığa katkıları ortaya koyulmuştur. Felsefi danışmanlık sürecinde hem danışmana hem de danışana yararlı olması amacıyla özgürlüğün ne olduğu ve insanın nasıl özgür olacağı sorularının üzerinde önemle durulmuştur. Bu araştırmada felsefe, Stoa Felsefesi’nde olduğu gibi yaşam pratiği içinde ele alınmıştır. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde felsefi danışmanlığına tarihçesi ve içeriği incelenmiştir. Felsefi danışmanlıkla ilgili temel yaklaşımlar analiz edildikten sonra felsefi danışmanın nitelikleri belirlenmiştir. Felsefi danışmanlığın insan yaşamı açısından önemi irdelenirken felsefi danışmanlığın insanlara sunacağı katkı ortaya koyulmuştur. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, Stoa Felsefesi ele alınmış ve Eski Stoa, Orta Stoa ve İmparatorluk Stoası olarak üç döneme ayrılan Stoa felsefesinin tarihçesi temel kavramlarıyla birlikte incelenmiştir. Epiktetos’un insanın özgürleşmesi için üzerinde durduğu irade eğitimi ve insanın elinde olan (bize bağlı olan) ve elinde olmayan (bize bağlı olmayan) şeyler ayrımı üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu ayrımdan yola çıkarak bu çalışmada araştırma konusu edilen özgürlüğün fiziksel değil ruhsal/zihinsel bir özgürlük olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur. İnsanın özgürlüğünü engelleyen noktalar aydınlatılmıştır. Araştırmanın üçüncü ve tezin amacı açısından en temel bölümünde ise, öncelikle Epiktetos’un özgürlük anlayışının felsefi danışmanlığa katkısı belirlenmiştir. Bu belirlemenin ardından Lou Marinoff’un PEACE yöntemi incelenmiş ve bu yöntem Epiktetos’un felsefesiyle ilişkisi ortaya koyulmuştur. Son olarak da Epiktetos’un özgürlük anlayışının PEACE yöntemi çerçevesinde felsefi danışmanlıkta uygulanmasına bir örnek üzerinden yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Epiktetos’un özgürlük anlayışının felsefi danışmanlık için etkili bir kılavuz olduğu savunulmuştur.
Epictetus' journey from slavery to philosopherhood guides people for a virtuous, free and happy life. In this study, based on this guidance and Stoic philosophy, it is aimed to respond to today's subject's search for freedom with philosophical counselling in the light of Epictetus' understanding of freedom. In this study, Epictetus' understanding of freedom in relation to philosophical counselling was analyzed and the contributions of this understanding to philosophical counselling were revealed. In order to be useful for both the counsellor and the client in the process of philosophical counselling, the questions of what freedom is and how people can be free have been emphasized. In this research, philosophy is handled within the practice of life as in Stoic Philosophy. The study consists of three parts. In the first part of the study, the history and content of philosophical counselling were examined. After analyzing the basic approaches to philosophical counselling, the qualifications of the philosophical counsellor were determined. While the importance of philosophical counselling in terms of human life is examined, the contribution of philosophical counselling to people is revealed. In the second part of the study, Stoic philosophy is discussed and the history of Stoic philosophy, which is divided into three periods as Old Stoa, Middle Stoa and Imperial Stoa, is analyzed together with its basic concepts. The education of the will, which Epictetus emphasized for the liberation of man, and the distinction between what is in man's hands (what depends on us) and what is not in man's hands (what does not depend on us) are examined. Based on this distinction, it is revealed that the freedom that is the subject of research in this study is not physical but spiritual/mental freedom. The points that prevent human freedom have been enlightened. In the third part of the research and the most fundamental part in terms of the aim of the thesis, the contribution of Epictetus' understanding of specificity to philosophical counselling was firstly determined. Following this determination, Lou Marinoff's PEACE method was analyzed and this method was interpreted in relation to Epictetus' philosophy. Based on the determination that Epictetus gives philosophical counselling to human beings, the application of his understanding of freedom in philosophical counselling within the framework of the PEACE method is included. In this study, it is argued that Epictetus' understanding of freedom is an effective guide for philosophical counselling.
Epictetus' journey from slavery to philosopherhood guides people for a virtuous, free and happy life. In this study, based on this guidance and Stoic philosophy, it is aimed to respond to today's subject's search for freedom with philosophical counselling in the light of Epictetus' understanding of freedom. In this study, Epictetus' understanding of freedom in relation to philosophical counselling was analyzed and the contributions of this understanding to philosophical counselling were revealed. In order to be useful for both the counsellor and the client in the process of philosophical counselling, the questions of what freedom is and how people can be free have been emphasized. In this research, philosophy is handled within the practice of life as in Stoic Philosophy. The study consists of three parts. In the first part of the study, the history and content of philosophical counselling were examined. After analyzing the basic approaches to philosophical counselling, the qualifications of the philosophical counsellor were determined. While the importance of philosophical counselling in terms of human life is examined, the contribution of philosophical counselling to people is revealed. In the second part of the study, Stoic philosophy is discussed and the history of Stoic philosophy, which is divided into three periods as Old Stoa, Middle Stoa and Imperial Stoa, is analyzed together with its basic concepts. The education of the will, which Epictetus emphasized for the liberation of man, and the distinction between what is in man's hands (what depends on us) and what is not in man's hands (what does not depend on us) are examined. Based on this distinction, it is revealed that the freedom that is the subject of research in this study is not physical but spiritual/mental freedom. The points that prevent human freedom have been enlightened. In the third part of the research and the most fundamental part in terms of the aim of the thesis, the contribution of Epictetus' understanding of specificity to philosophical counselling was firstly determined. Following this determination, Lou Marinoff's PEACE method was analyzed and this method was interpreted in relation to Epictetus' philosophy. Based on the determination that Epictetus gives philosophical counselling to human beings, the application of his understanding of freedom in philosophical counselling within the framework of the PEACE method is included. In this study, it is argued that Epictetus' understanding of freedom is an effective guide for philosophical counselling.
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Felsefi danışmanlık, Epiktetos, Stoa felsefesi, Özgürlük, Philosophical counseling, Epictetus, Stoic philosophy, Freedom
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Alter, Z. D. (2024). Felsefi danışmanlık ile ilişkisinde Epiktetos’un özgürlük anlayışı / Epictetus’ notion of freedom in relation to philisophical counseling. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
