Kültürel okumanın gölgede bıraktıkları: 1960'lar ve 1970'ler öğrenci hareketi örneği
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2016
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Marmara Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
1960’lardan itibaren sosyal ve beşeri bilimlerde kültürel-partikülarist analiz, evrenselci paradigma yerine ağırlık kazanmaya başladı. Toplumların sorunları ve bu sorunlara gösterilen tepki geniş anlamda kültüre referansla açıklandı. Bu yıllarda ortaya çıkan toplumsal hareketlerin, geleneksel değer sisteminin ve kültürel yapıların aşınmasına yol açan hızlı değişimin bir sonucu olduğu varsayıldı. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de 1960’lar ve 1970’ler boyunca sistemi sarsan öğrenci hareketine odaklanılarak bu yeni yaklaşımın kuramsal ve yöntemsel sonuçları tartışılmaktadır. Bu yeni yaklaşımı benimseyen araştırma ve analizlerde Türkiye’deki sorunların esas kaynağı olarak, Kemalist merkezin muhafazakar/otantik çevreye yaptığı müdahaleler gösterildi. Bu müdahalelerin geleneksel değerleri ve yapıyı aşındırdığı ancak yerine yenilerini koyamadığı savunuldu. Öğrenci gençlik arasında gözlemlenen politikleşme ortaya çıkan sosyal bozulmanın ve değer krizinin bir sonucu olarak yorumlandı. Özellikle 1970’lerde solcu ve sağcı gençler arasında yoğunlaşan politik şiddete odaklanılarak, gençlerin “babalarıyla ilişkileri” ya da ergenlik gibi dönemlerde yaşadıkları travmaların onları şiddete yönelten psikolojik altyapıyı oluşturduğu savunuldu. Böylece, Türkiye’de modern merkez ile muhafazakar çevre arasındaki gerilim “temel çelişki” olarak gösterilirken, öğrenci gençliğin içine girdiği politik hareketlilik bu “temel çelişki”nin bir sonucu olarak yorumlandı. Yaşanan gelişmelerde devletin tutumu ve politikaları görmezden gelindiği gibi, gençlik hareketi sosyolojik ve psikolojik anomaliler çerçevesinde ele alındı.
In the 1960s cultural-particularistic analysis started to gain currency in social sciences and humanities weakening the popularity of the once-dominant universalist paradigm. The problems of societies and reactions to those problems were explained with reference to culture in the wide sense of the concept. In this sense, it was assumed that the radical social movements of the era erupted because of rapid change, which led to the erosion of traditional value system and, thus, long-standing cultural structures of societies. This article through focusing on the political youth movement of the 1960s and 1970s in Turkey, aims at discussing the impact of this approach with its theoretical and methodological implications. The research and analyses adopting this new approach tended to indicate the interventions of the Kemalist centre to the conservative-authentic periphery as the main source of the social conflicts in Turkish society. According to this viewpoint, these interventions eroded the traditional values and structures but failed to replace them with the new ones. The radical youth movement was interpreted in the same vein and presented as the outcome of this social deterioration and value crisis. The analyses adopting this outlook through solely focusing on the political violence between the leftists and rightist student groups offered the argument that their relations with their fathers or their adolescence problems were the psychological backgrounds of the violence among the young people. In this type of interpretation the conflict between the modern centre and conservative periphery emerges as the ‘primary conflict’ while the political activism of the youth as secondary, dependent on the former. Here, it is argued that this reading of the radical movements neglected the role of the attitudes and policies of the state and labelled radicalization as a social and psychological abnormality.
In the 1960s cultural-particularistic analysis started to gain currency in social sciences and humanities weakening the popularity of the once-dominant universalist paradigm. The problems of societies and reactions to those problems were explained with reference to culture in the wide sense of the concept. In this sense, it was assumed that the radical social movements of the era erupted because of rapid change, which led to the erosion of traditional value system and, thus, long-standing cultural structures of societies. This article through focusing on the political youth movement of the 1960s and 1970s in Turkey, aims at discussing the impact of this approach with its theoretical and methodological implications. The research and analyses adopting this new approach tended to indicate the interventions of the Kemalist centre to the conservative-authentic periphery as the main source of the social conflicts in Turkish society. According to this viewpoint, these interventions eroded the traditional values and structures but failed to replace them with the new ones. The radical youth movement was interpreted in the same vein and presented as the outcome of this social deterioration and value crisis. The analyses adopting this outlook through solely focusing on the political violence between the leftists and rightist student groups offered the argument that their relations with their fathers or their adolescence problems were the psychological backgrounds of the violence among the young people. In this type of interpretation the conflict between the modern centre and conservative periphery emerges as the ‘primary conflict’ while the political activism of the youth as secondary, dependent on the former. Here, it is argued that this reading of the radical movements neglected the role of the attitudes and policies of the state and labelled radicalization as a social and psychological abnormality.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kültür, Merkez-çevre, Gençlik, Değişim, Şiddet, Culture, Centre-periphery, Youth, Change, Violence
Kaynak
Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
46
Sayı
1
Künye
Örnek Konu, C. (2016). Kültürel okumanın gölgede bıraktıkları: 1960'lar ve 1970'ler öğrenci hareketi örneği / Under the shades of cultural analysis: the case of youth movement of the 1960s and 1970s in Turkey. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi. Marmara Üniversitesi. 46(1), s. 45-104.
