Başlangıçtan günümüze resmin toplumsal anlamı ve NFT'ye sosyolojik bakış / The social meaning of painting from the beginning to the present and sociological perspective on NFT
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Date
2024
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Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Sanat, tarih boyunca bireylerin benimsediği değerleri, günlük yaşam pratiklerini ve kültürlerini yansıtmada bir araç olmuştur. Bundan dolayıdır ki, hem ilkel toplumlarda hem de modern kapitalist toplumlarında varlığını nesiller boyu sürdürmeye devam etmiş, önemli bir alana yerleşmiştir. Özellikle dijitalleşme, sanat eserlerinin dijital platformlar aracılığıyla daha geniş bir kitleye ulaşmasını ve NFT'ler (Non-Fungible Tokens) gibi dijital varlıkların ortaya çıkmasını sağlayarak sanatın kendini yeni bir şekilde ifade etmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Ele alınan çalışmanın amacı, resim sanatının tarihsel süreçte geçirdiği değişimleri ve NFT'nin sosyolojik açıdan sanat üzerindeki etkilerini derinlemesine incelemektir. Bu kapsamda yapılan çalışmanın evreni ve örneklemi belirlenmiş; İstanbul'da ikamet eden, resim sanatını icra eden ve NFT hakkında bilgi sahibi olan kişiler araştırmanın evrenine dahil edilmiş ve örneklemde 10 katılımcı yer almıştır. Araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan bu 10 katılımcıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme gerçekleştirilmiş ve çalışmanın örneklemini, İstanbul'da ikamet eden, resim sanatını icra eden ve NFT konusunda bilgi sahibi sanatçılar oluşturmaktadır. Görüşmecilerden elde edilen veriler, nitel veri analizi programı olan MAXQDA'da tematik veri analizleri kullanılarak derinlemesine incelenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Veriler için kodlamalar ve sınıflandırmalar oluşturulmuş, resmin tarihsel gelişimi, NFT'lerin sosyolojik bağlamı ve bu iki olgu arasındaki ilişki derinlemesine analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcılar, NFT'lerin sanata erişimin artması ve sanatçılara yeni fırsatlar sağlanması gibi olumlu yönlerini vurgularken, sanat eserlerinin benzersizliği ve değeri üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerine ilişkin endişelerini de dile getirmişlerdir. NFT'lerin sanat dünyasında yarattığı değişim, sanat ve teknoloji arasındaki etkileşim ve sanatçıların eserleri üzerindeki kontrolü gibi başlıca konular katılımcıların cevaplarıyla etraflıca değerlendirilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra yapılan görüşmeler ve incelenen literatür neticesinde dijitalleşmenin geleneksel sanat anlayışlarını da dönüştürmekte ve toplumsal sanat algısını yeniden şekillendirdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma, sanatın dijitalleşmesi ve NFT'lerin yükselişiyle birlikte sanatın mekânsal ve sosyal yönlerinin nasıl geliştiğini kapsamlı bir şekilde ele almaktadır.
Throughout history, art has been a means of reflecting the values, daily life practices and cultures adopted by individuals. For this reason, it has continued to exist for generations in both primitive societies and modern capitalist societies and has settled in an important area. Especially digitalisation has enabled artworks to reach a wider audience through digital platforms and the emergence of digital assets such as NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), allowing art to express itself in a new way. The aim of the study is to examine in depth the changes in the art of painting in the historical process and the sociological effects of NFT on art. In this context, the population and sample of the study were determined; people residing in Istanbul, practicing the art of painting and having knowledge about NFT were included in the population of the study and 10 participants were included in the sample. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with these 10 participants who voluntarily participated in the research, and the sample of the study consists of artists residing in Istanbul, practicing the art of painting and having knowledge about NFT The data obtained from the interviewees were examined and analysed in depth using thematic data analysis in MAXQDA, a qualitative data analysis programme. Codes and classifications were created for the data, and the historical development of painting, the sociological context of NFTs and the relationship between these two phenomena were analysed in depth. While participants emphasised the positive aspects of NFTs, such as increased access to art and new opportunities for artists, they also expressed concerns about their negative impact on the uniqueness and value of artworks. The main issues such as the changes that NFTs have brought about in the art world, the interaction between art and technology, and the control of artists over their artworks were analysed in detail through the responses of the participants. In addition, as a result of the interviews and the literature reviewed, it was revealed that digitalisation also transforms traditional understandings of art and reshapes the social perception of art. This study comprehensively addresses how the spatial and social aspects of art have developed with the digitalisation of art and the rise of NFTs.
Throughout history, art has been a means of reflecting the values, daily life practices and cultures adopted by individuals. For this reason, it has continued to exist for generations in both primitive societies and modern capitalist societies and has settled in an important area. Especially digitalisation has enabled artworks to reach a wider audience through digital platforms and the emergence of digital assets such as NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), allowing art to express itself in a new way. The aim of the study is to examine in depth the changes in the art of painting in the historical process and the sociological effects of NFT on art. In this context, the population and sample of the study were determined; people residing in Istanbul, practicing the art of painting and having knowledge about NFT were included in the population of the study and 10 participants were included in the sample. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with these 10 participants who voluntarily participated in the research, and the sample of the study consists of artists residing in Istanbul, practicing the art of painting and having knowledge about NFT The data obtained from the interviewees were examined and analysed in depth using thematic data analysis in MAXQDA, a qualitative data analysis programme. Codes and classifications were created for the data, and the historical development of painting, the sociological context of NFTs and the relationship between these two phenomena were analysed in depth. While participants emphasised the positive aspects of NFTs, such as increased access to art and new opportunities for artists, they also expressed concerns about their negative impact on the uniqueness and value of artworks. The main issues such as the changes that NFTs have brought about in the art world, the interaction between art and technology, and the control of artists over their artworks were analysed in detail through the responses of the participants. In addition, as a result of the interviews and the literature reviewed, it was revealed that digitalisation also transforms traditional understandings of art and reshapes the social perception of art. This study comprehensively addresses how the spatial and social aspects of art have developed with the digitalisation of art and the rise of NFTs.
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Keywords
Aura, Blokzincir teknolojisi, Dijital sanat, NFT, Kültür endüstrisi, Blockchain technology, Digital art, Culture industry
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Köse, M. İ. (2024). Başlangıçtan günümüze resmin toplumsal anlamı ve NFT'ye sosyolojik bakış / The social meaning of painting from the beginning to the present and sociological perspective on NFT. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
