Current-mode state-variable filter

A flexible synthesis procedure for electronically tunable nth-order current-mode (CM) universal filter using state variable-method is given. The proposed configuration uses n+1 multi-output second generation current conveyors (MO-CCIIs), n capacitors and n resistors. These resistors can be removed by using multi-output second generation current controlled conveyors (MO-CCCIIs) instead of MO-CCIIs. It is straightforward to find the values of the passive elements from the coefficients of the transfer function to be realized. The validity of the proposed filter is verified through PSpice simulations.