İstanbul Sabiha Gökçen Havalimanı'nın kent ve mekân gelişiminin bölgenin sosyo-mekânsal değişimine etkileri: Tuzla İlçesi örneği
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2022
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Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Hem sosyokültürel bir olgu hem de fiziksel bir yapı olarak kent, anlamını mekânla kazanan ve onunla birlikte hayat bulan bir unsur olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır (Çağlayan & Şahin, 2016). İnsanoğlu mekânla birlikte hareket ederek kent dinamiklerini etkilemektedir. Toplumsal bir olgu olan ve belirli bir yaşam tarzına karşılık gelen mekân Harvey’e göre, toplumsal vakalara ve insani hallere sahne olması bununla birlikte bu olaylara ve hallere yön vermesi sebebi ile sosyolojik bir olgudur (Harvey, 2003). İnsanların göçebe hayattan yerleşik yaşam tarzına geçmesiyle birlikte bu mekânlar insanların ihtiyaçlarına göre ekonomik, siyasi, kültürel ve fiziksel anlamda karşılık vermekte ve kendini geliştirmektedir. Bu üretim tekniğin ilerlemesiyle birlikte günümüzde çeşitli alanlarda farklı projelerle kendini geliştirmeye devam etmektedir. Kent ve mekân çağa göre kendini üretirken insan da onunla birlikte kendini geliştirmiştir. Bu gelişim tüm toplumsal dinamiklerde görüldüğü gibi hem olumlu hem de olumsuz yönde olmuştur. İnsan eliyle teknik ilerlemiş, insanların ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda kentler dizayn edilmiş fakat giderek doğadan kopan kent insanı fiziksel anlamda binalar içerisine hapsederken ruhsal olarak da bireyselleşmeyi arttırması nedeniyle psikolojik olarak insanı yıpratıp yalnızlaştırmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı insan eliyle üretilen kentin mega projelerle desteklenmesi sonucunda bu projelerin çevreye verdiği etkileri araştırarak yapım süreçlerini incelemektir. Bu çerçevede mega projelerden biri olan İstanbul Sabiha Gökçen Havalimanı seçilmiş ve yapım süreçleri tarihsel konjonktürde tartışılmıştır. Araştırmanın insanlar üzerindeki sosyal ve kültürel etkilerini değerlendirebilmek için havalimanı çalışanı olan on beş katılımcı ile görüşmeler yapılarak toplumsal yönü değerlendirilirken, çalışma alanı olan İstanbul Tuzla ilçesi örneği üzerinden de kentleşmeyi hangi yönde sağladığı araştırılacaktır. Buna ek olarak katılımcıların yaşam alanı olarak Tuzla’yı seçmelerindeki nedenler irdelenecek ve bölgenin demografik yapısı üzerine etkisi tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca İstanbul Sabiha Gökçen Havalimanının yapım aşamasını ve çevreye yaptığı katkıları daha iyi anlayabilmek için Tuzla’da ikamet eden havalimanı çalışanı olan iki katılımcı ile sözlü tarih yöntemi ile görüşülüp projenin aşamaları tarihsel bir perspektifle değerlendirilecektir.
As both a socio-cultural phenomenon and a physical structure, the city emerges as an element that gains its meaning with space and comes to life with it (Çağlayan & Şahin, 2016). Human beings affect the dynamics of the city by acting together with the space. According to Harvey, space, which is a social phenomenon and corresponds to a certain lifestyle, is a sociological phenomenon because it is the scene of social events and human situations, as well as directing these events and situations (Harvey, 2003). With the transition of people from a nomadic life to a settled lifestyle, these places have transformed and developed themselves for the needs of people in economic, political, cultural and physical terms. With the advancement of this production technique, it continues to develop itself with different projects in various fields today. While the city and space produce themselves according to the age, people have also developed themselves together with them. This development has been both positive and negative as seen in all social dynamics. Techniques have advanced by human hands, cities have been designed in line with the needs of people, but the city, which is increasingly disconnected from nature, has imprisoned people in buildings physically and psychologically worn out and isolated people because of increasing individualization spiritually. The aim of this research is to examine the construction processes by investigating the effects of these projects to the environment as a result of the support of the human-made city with mega projects. In this context, Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen Airport, one of the mega projects, was selected and its construction processes were discussed in the historical conjuncture. In order to evaluate the social and cultural effects of the research on people, interviews will be conducted with fifteen participants who are airport employees, and its social aspect will be evaluated, and the direction of urbanization will be investigated through the example of Istanbul Tuzla district, which is the study area. In addition, the reasons why the participants chose Tuzla as their living space will be examined and its effect on the demographic structure of the region will be discussed. In addition, in order to better understand the construction phase of Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen Airport and its contributions to the environment, two airport employees residing in Tuzla will be interviewed by oral history method and the stages of the project will be evaluated from a historical perspective.
As both a socio-cultural phenomenon and a physical structure, the city emerges as an element that gains its meaning with space and comes to life with it (Çağlayan & Şahin, 2016). Human beings affect the dynamics of the city by acting together with the space. According to Harvey, space, which is a social phenomenon and corresponds to a certain lifestyle, is a sociological phenomenon because it is the scene of social events and human situations, as well as directing these events and situations (Harvey, 2003). With the transition of people from a nomadic life to a settled lifestyle, these places have transformed and developed themselves for the needs of people in economic, political, cultural and physical terms. With the advancement of this production technique, it continues to develop itself with different projects in various fields today. While the city and space produce themselves according to the age, people have also developed themselves together with them. This development has been both positive and negative as seen in all social dynamics. Techniques have advanced by human hands, cities have been designed in line with the needs of people, but the city, which is increasingly disconnected from nature, has imprisoned people in buildings physically and psychologically worn out and isolated people because of increasing individualization spiritually. The aim of this research is to examine the construction processes by investigating the effects of these projects to the environment as a result of the support of the human-made city with mega projects. In this context, Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen Airport, one of the mega projects, was selected and its construction processes were discussed in the historical conjuncture. In order to evaluate the social and cultural effects of the research on people, interviews will be conducted with fifteen participants who are airport employees, and its social aspect will be evaluated, and the direction of urbanization will be investigated through the example of Istanbul Tuzla district, which is the study area. In addition, the reasons why the participants chose Tuzla as their living space will be examined and its effect on the demographic structure of the region will be discussed. In addition, in order to better understand the construction phase of Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen Airport and its contributions to the environment, two airport employees residing in Tuzla will be interviewed by oral history method and the stages of the project will be evaluated from a historical perspective.
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İstanbul Sabiha Gökçen Havalimanı, Tuzla, Kent sosyolojisi, Mekân, Mega projeler, Istanbul Sabiha Gokcen Airport, Tuzla, Urban sociology, Space, Mega project
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Atalay, H. (2022). İstanbul Sabiha Gökçen Havalimanı'nın kent ve mekan gelişiminin bölgenin sosyo-mekânsal değişimine etkileri: Tuzla İlçesi örneği (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
