Ekonomi politikası açısından devletçilik ve Cumhuriyet Döneminde devletçilik uygulamaları
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2006
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
CC0 1.0 Universal
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Cumhuriyeti kuran kadrolar, modern bir ticaret ve sanayi yapısına ulaşmanın Osmanlı Devleti'nden devranılan politikalarla mümkün olamayacağı görüsündeydiler. Ekonominin temel yapısına yön vermek amacıyla 1923 yılında İzmir İktisat Kongresi toplanmıs ve ana hatlarıyla ekonomik hedefler belirlenmistir. Ekonomik yapı olusturulurken, Yeni Türk Devleti, kıt kaynaklarla zorlu bir döneme girmis, sanayi birikiminin neredeyse hiç olmadığı koşullarda ülkenin bir iktisat politikasına sahip olması gereğini vurgulayarak, bu yönde 10 yıldan daha kısa bir sürede çok önemli adımlar atmıstır.Bu dönemde kalkınmanın sanayilesme yoluyla sağlanabileceği görüsü hakim olmus, sanayilesme kadar, “hızlı” sanayilesmenin yolları üzerinde durulmaya baslanmıstır. Tüm amaç, yarı bağımlı olan ekonominin kendi ayakları üzerinde durmasını sağlamaktı. Cumhuriyet'in basından 1930'lu yıllara kadar uygulanmaya çalısılan “sistem”, özel girisimci sınıfının kendisinden beklenileni verememesi ve sanayilesmenin kalkınma için yeterli düzeyde olusmaması üzerine “devletçiliğe” dayalı bir iktisat politikasının olusumunu gerektirmistir. Devletçilik politikasının en önemli özelliği, dışa bağımlı yapıyı yıkmak ve kendi ulusal sanayisini kurmaya yönelik bir yaklasımı sağlamak olarak ortaya konulabileceği gibi, ayrıca bu politikanın kendi kalkınma modelini olusturmaya yönelik bir çalısmanın sonucu olarak gelisme gösterdiğini de değerlendirebiliriz.1933 sonrasında uygulamaya baslanan Sanayilesme Planı, iktisat literatüründe ”ithal ikameci” bir sanayilesme modeli olarak da bilinen ancak ülkenin içinde bulunduğu kosullar doğrultusunda ele alınan bir iktisadi kalkınma sürecini baslatmıstır. Planlama sürecinde devlet ekonomik alanda işlevlerini gerçeklestirirken, bir yandan da ekonomiye müdahalelerde bulunmus, ulusal kaynakların kullanımı ve sanayilesme yönünde önemli adımlar atılmıstır.Türkiye'nin sanayilesmesinde önemli roller üstlenen Sümerbank ve Etibank bu dönemde kurulmustur.
Those who founded the Republic have started the new economic era at the Izmir Economy Congress in 1923 with the understanding and consideration that the Ottoman heritage would not be sufficient in order to establish the structure of a modern trade, financial capital and industrial proprietorship and introduceeconomic developments. Therefore, the establishment of the Republican regimewas to be depending on the economy, which was to have a different structurethan the Ottoman. However, while this different economy was being established,the new Turkish State had entered into a difficult time due to limited resources,and also forced to undertake the debts of the Ottoman, and emphasized on thenecessity of establishment of an economic policy by the state under suchconditions that there was almost no industrial structure, and taken very importantsteps towards this direction within less than 10 years. At that time, the dominant opinion was that the development may be achievedthrough industrialization, and people had focused on the ways to fast industrialization in addition to industrialization itself. All the goal was to ensurethat the semi-dependant economy becomes independent. The system that wasendeavored to implement from the beginning of the Republic to the 1930s, failureof the local private entrepreneur class to provide what was expected from themand the failure of industrialization to reach to a level that was sufficient fordevelopment; it had become necessary to emerge an economy policy that dependson statism. The most important characteristic of the statism policy is toeliminate the foreign-dependant structure and ensure an approach that intends toestablish its own national industry, which was developed and achieved as a resultof a study that intends an own development model.Having started for implementation after 1933, the Industrialization Plan hadstarted an economic development process, which was known as the importsubstitution in the economy literature but implemented in line with therequirements of the nation.
Those who founded the Republic have started the new economic era at the Izmir Economy Congress in 1923 with the understanding and consideration that the Ottoman heritage would not be sufficient in order to establish the structure of a modern trade, financial capital and industrial proprietorship and introduceeconomic developments. Therefore, the establishment of the Republican regimewas to be depending on the economy, which was to have a different structurethan the Ottoman. However, while this different economy was being established,the new Turkish State had entered into a difficult time due to limited resources,and also forced to undertake the debts of the Ottoman, and emphasized on thenecessity of establishment of an economic policy by the state under suchconditions that there was almost no industrial structure, and taken very importantsteps towards this direction within less than 10 years. At that time, the dominant opinion was that the development may be achievedthrough industrialization, and people had focused on the ways to fast industrialization in addition to industrialization itself. All the goal was to ensurethat the semi-dependant economy becomes independent. The system that wasendeavored to implement from the beginning of the Republic to the 1930s, failureof the local private entrepreneur class to provide what was expected from themand the failure of industrialization to reach to a level that was sufficient fordevelopment; it had become necessary to emerge an economy policy that dependson statism. The most important characteristic of the statism policy is toeliminate the foreign-dependant structure and ensure an approach that intends toestablish its own national industry, which was developed and achieved as a resultof a study that intends an own development model.Having started for implementation after 1933, the Industrialization Plan hadstarted an economic development process, which was known as the importsubstitution in the economy literature but implemented in line with therequirements of the nation.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Acar, D. (2006). Ekonomi politikası açısından devletçilik ve Cumhuriyet Döneminde devletçilik uygulamaları / Statism in terms of economic policy and implementations of statism in republic. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Maltepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
