Thomas Kuhn ve devrimler yoluyla birikimsel ilerleme
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Maltepe Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
CC0 1.0 Universal
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Thomas Kuhn’un bilimi şu şekilde yorumladığı sıklıkla söylenir: (i) Kuhn’a göre bilim ilerlemeci değildir, (ii) ilerlemecidir ama ilerlemesi birikimsel değildir, (iii) ilerler ama ilerlemesi doğrusal değildir (iv) olağan bilim birikerek ilerler ama paradigma değişimi yoluyla bilim birikerek ilerlemez. Bu dört iddianın hepsi temelde Kuhn’un çizdiği bilim resmindeki bazı temel öğelerin çarpık anlaşılmasına dayanmaktadır. Kuhn için olağan bilim ve paradigma kavramları içten bağlıdır. Dolayısıyla, birine dair bir yanılgı etkisini doğrudan ötekinde gösterebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Thomas Kuhn’un hem bilimsel ilerlemenin varlığını hem de, en azından belirli bir anlamda ve sınırlı derecede olmak üzere bu ilerlemenin birikimsel olduğunu hem olağan hem olağanüstü bilim dönemleri için savunduğu gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır.
It has been frequently claimed that Kuhnian picture of science is the following: (i) According to Kuhn, science is not progressive, (ii) is progressive but not cumulative, (iii) is progressive but notlinear (iv) normal science (cumulatively) progresses but paradigm change is not (or not cumulatively) progressive. All these four mistakes, I try to show, are the results of some other mischaracterizations about some basic elements of Kuhnian picture of science. For Kuhn, normal science and the notion of paradigm is so closely associated. Therefore, any misperception about one of them would have repercussions into the other. However, because the shattering of normal science through emergence of a new paradigm results in the situation in which scientists have to make paradigm choices, the following problem immediately emerges: If a philosopher mistakes Kuhnian ideas regarding theory choice, then she would easily mistake Kuhnian ideas related to scientific progress, whether it be normal or extra-ordinary science. Here I argue that Kuhn has defended the existence, importance, and (in a certain sense) the cumulative character of scientific progress, both within normal science and also through scientific revolution.
It has been frequently claimed that Kuhnian picture of science is the following: (i) According to Kuhn, science is not progressive, (ii) is progressive but not cumulative, (iii) is progressive but notlinear (iv) normal science (cumulatively) progresses but paradigm change is not (or not cumulatively) progressive. All these four mistakes, I try to show, are the results of some other mischaracterizations about some basic elements of Kuhnian picture of science. For Kuhn, normal science and the notion of paradigm is so closely associated. Therefore, any misperception about one of them would have repercussions into the other. However, because the shattering of normal science through emergence of a new paradigm results in the situation in which scientists have to make paradigm choices, the following problem immediately emerges: If a philosopher mistakes Kuhnian ideas regarding theory choice, then she would easily mistake Kuhnian ideas related to scientific progress, whether it be normal or extra-ordinary science. Here I argue that Kuhn has defended the existence, importance, and (in a certain sense) the cumulative character of scientific progress, both within normal science and also through scientific revolution.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kuhn, bilimsel ilerlemenin doğası, nesnellik, nesnel hakikat, bilimsel devrimler, Kuhn, the nature of scientific progress, objectivity, objective truth, scientific revolutions
Kaynak
Maltepe Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
1+2
Künye
Tümkaya, S. (2018). Thomas Kuhn ve devrimler yoluyla birikimsel ilerleme / Thomas Kuhn and scientific progress. Maltepe Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. s. 238-256.
