Epigenetic alterations of preimplantation embryo
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Duvar Kitabevi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Epigenetics refers to phenomena where modifications of DNA methylation and/or chromatin structure underlie changes in gene expression and phenotype characteristics (Reik et al., 2001; Soini et al., 2006). These modifications include DNA methylation, imprinting, RNA silencing, covalent modifications of histones (acetylation), and remodeling by other chromatin-associated complexes (Dupont et al., 2009). Inheritance or persistence of these epigenetic modifications is referred to as epigenetic reprogramming (Morgan et al., 2005). The most critical periods at which epigenetic reprogramming occurs are those during gametogenesis and the preimplantation embryonic stage (Reik et al., 2001; Santos and Dean, 2004). Reprogramming during gametogenesis is essential for the imprinting mechanism that regulates the differential expression of paternally and maternally derived genes. Primordial germ cells undergo demethylation, both globally (Hajkova, P. et al., 2002) and within imprinted loci as they migrate along the genital ridge (Hajkova, P. et al., 2002; Yamazaki et al., 2003). These alterations to the DNA allow cells to alter the expression level of the different genes in response to environmental factors without having to change the DNA code itself (Jacob, S. and Moley, K. H., 2005). Various techniques in ART have been developed, some of which are quite invasive: intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with mature and immature spermatozoa, embryo biopsy for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and transfer of ooplasm to a recipient oocyte. Finally, reproductive cloning by nuclear transfer, MII spindle transfer has been achieved in different animal species (Reznichenko et al., 2016). Recently, several confluent streams of evidence from human and animal studies have suggested that ART may lead to epigenetic defects in the offspring (Jacob, S. and Moley, K. H., 2005; Maher, 2005; Niemitz, E. L. and Feinberg, A. P., 2004; PaoloniGiacobino, 2006; Sutcliffe et al., 2006; Thompson and Williams, 2005; Yoon et al., 2005).
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynak
INSAC Contemporary Trends in Human and Health Sciences Research
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Cıncık, M. ve Öner, Ç. (2022). Epigenetic alterations of preimplantation embryo. Bilgili, A. (Ed.). INSAC Contemporary Trends in Human and Health Sciences Research içinde (ss.69-99). Ankara: Duvar Kitabevi.
