Modern şehrin nesnelliğine ve yanılsamalarına irrasyonel bir eleştiri: varoluşçuluk
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2014
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Maltepe Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
CC0 1.0 Universal
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Şehir ve felsefeyi birbirinden ayrı ve bağımsız düşünebilmek zordur. İnsanın tüm yapıp etmeleri gibi felsefe de şehrin en temel eylem ve ürünlerinden biridir. İlk günden beri felsefe hep şehirde yapıla gelmiştir. Şehirde inşa ve imar edilmiştir. Ancak şehir ile felsefe arasındaki bu ilişki tek yönlü değil karşılıklı bir ilişkidir. Şehir felsefeyi sorunların saptanması, betimlenmesi ve söze dökülmesi gibi birçok süreçte katkı sağlayıp olgunlaştırırken felsefe de onu durmaksızın tasarlayıp biçimlendirmektedir, yaşanılabilir bir mekâna dönüştürmektedir. Fakat son zamanlarda bu ilişki tek yönlü bir ilişkiye dönüşmüştür. Bu durumu fark eden 20. yüzyıldaki en önemli felsefi akımlardan biri varoluşçuluktur. Varoluşçuluğun ortaya çıkışışında modern şehrin toplumu, bireyselliği, yaşam tarzı, ahlâkı, özgürlüğü, politikası, sanatı, mimarisi ve ekonomisi önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Birçok varoluşçu filozofa göre şehirleşme üretim fazlalığı, ticaret, teknoloji ya da sosyal farklılaşmaların bir sonucu olarak değil, “yerleşme”, “mevcudiyet”, “hazırbulunuşluk” gibi edimlerin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yüzden şehir, insanın “biryerde-bulunuş”luğun varoluşsal-ontolojik önceliği ve zorunluluğudur. Varoluşçuluk, modern şehrin bireyselliğine, tekdüzeliğine, sıradanlığına ve her alandaki çürümüşlüğüne karşı radikal bir eleştiri ve tepki olarak otaya çıkmasına karşın yeni bir yöntem ve sistem geliştiremediğinden onların her biri irrasyonel bir eleştiri olarak kalmıştır.
It is highly difficult to consider city and philosophy as being different and independent from each other. Like all other activities of man, philosophy is also one of the basic activities and products of the city. Since first day, philosophy has taken place in city. It has been built and improved in city. However, this relationship between city and philosophy is not one-way but reciprocal. On the one hand, city has contributed to and improved philosophy in many processes such as definition, description and verbalization of problems; on the other hand, philosophy has not only designed and shaped philosophy, but humanized it as well. But recently, this relationship has turned into a one-way relationship. One of the most important philosophical movements to have noticed this situation in 20th century is existentialism. In the emergence of existentialism, the community, individualism, lifestyle, morality, independence, politics, art, architecture and economy of modern city have played a significant role. According to many existentialist philosophers, urbanization appeared as a result of the actions such as “settlement”, “existence”, “presence” not of over-production, trade, technology, city is the existential-ontological precedence and necessity of the human being’s “presence-in-a-place”. As a conclusion, existentialism is a radical criticism over modern city’s individuality, monotonous, simplicity and rottenness in each field, and although emerged as a reaction, each of them has remained as an irrational criticism as it could not develop a new method and system.
It is highly difficult to consider city and philosophy as being different and independent from each other. Like all other activities of man, philosophy is also one of the basic activities and products of the city. Since first day, philosophy has taken place in city. It has been built and improved in city. However, this relationship between city and philosophy is not one-way but reciprocal. On the one hand, city has contributed to and improved philosophy in many processes such as definition, description and verbalization of problems; on the other hand, philosophy has not only designed and shaped philosophy, but humanized it as well. But recently, this relationship has turned into a one-way relationship. One of the most important philosophical movements to have noticed this situation in 20th century is existentialism. In the emergence of existentialism, the community, individualism, lifestyle, morality, independence, politics, art, architecture and economy of modern city have played a significant role. According to many existentialist philosophers, urbanization appeared as a result of the actions such as “settlement”, “existence”, “presence” not of over-production, trade, technology, city is the existential-ontological precedence and necessity of the human being’s “presence-in-a-place”. As a conclusion, existentialism is a radical criticism over modern city’s individuality, monotonous, simplicity and rottenness in each field, and although emerged as a reaction, each of them has remained as an irrational criticism as it could not develop a new method and system.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Şehir, Modern şehir, Varoluşçuluk, Sören Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, City, Modern city, Existentialism, Sören Kierkegaard, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre
Kaynak
T. C. Maltepe Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Aydoğdu, H. (2014). Modern şehrin nesnelliğine ve yanılsamalarına irrasyonel bir eleştiri: varoluşçuluk / An irrational criticism on objectivisim and illusions of modern city: existentialism. T. C. Maltepe Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. s. 95-133.
