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Yayın Rebellion: second generation Bangladeshi immigrants in brick lane by Monica Ali(Kocaeli Üniversitesi, 2013) Töngür, Abdullah NejatBrick Lane is one of the few novels which reflect the lives of first and second generation Bangladeshi immigrants in Britain. Although Brick Lane focuses on Nazneen as central character, the novel provides very rich information about the life styles, work patterns, family structure, and cultural, social, economic and religious dynamics of the Bangladeshi community in Brick Lane. Ali also shows that the second-generation young Bangladeshis are distinct with their frequent clashes with their parents, their community or the British society at large. Some of them seek solace and solution either in alcohol, drugs and gangs or they unite in religious communities to endure, to oppose and to revolt against these grievances. The 2001 Race Riots which erupted in several British cities against the police and the system as a whole and the long-distance impact of the 9/11 attacks are coincidental with Shahana’s escape from home in order not to be taken to Bangladesh and these events intermingle.Yayın The plight of marginalized women in Khaled Hosseini's a thousand splendid suns in 'the third world feminism'(Kocaeli Üniversitesi, 2019) Çevik, Yıldıray; Töngür, Abdullah Nejat‘Third World Feminism’ investigates into the resistance and portrayal of women in literature in the oppressive and marginalizing territories. Postcolonial feminism highlights a tendency towards universalizing women by focusing on the involvement of women in the Western lifestyle in the war-stricken lands where they have been, on the one hand, segregated as inferior; yet, on the other hand, upheld as the instigators of resistance towards the betterment of societies in which the full impact of a misguided patriarchal rule breaks the women down emotionally, who are abused, deceived and controlled. Thus, this paper aims at displaying the observations considering local culture, gender discrimination and female passive resistance as far as collected from Khaled Hosseini’s A Thousand Splendid Suns. The novel depicts the conflicts of identification of the women which pave the way for the degradation applied on the characters. Subsequently, from a postcolonial feministic perspective, the paper attempts to investigate the plights of women, which are enforced on them through the patriarchal components and standards of culture.Yayın Independence for Scotland?(2013) Töngür, Abdullah NejatThe changes in the politics and economy of the United Kingdom in the last 35 years led the Scottish parties to seek more radical solutions for the long-lasting political discussions about the future of Scotland and to voice them unreservedly. After the campaigns, conventions, conversations, commissions, bills, and discussions about the future of Scotland in the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s, and after the Scottish National Party became fully and vigorously committed to and articulate about independence, an agreement between the Westminster government and Holyrood government was signed for a referendum on independence for Scotland which is to be held on 18 September 2014. In consideration of the contentment of the Scottish people with the devolved parliament, the looming uncertainty after independence, the unwillingness to go back to the condition in 1603 and the polls conducted on the outcome of the momentous referendum, a split-up seems unlikelyYayın Migration to a consumer society: a short history of tractors in Ukrainian by Marina Lewycka(2013) Töngür, Abdullah Nejat; Çevik, YıldırayIn A Short Story of Tractors in Ukrainian (2005), Marina Lewycka analyzes the post-war and post-communism Ukrainian immigrant experiences in Britain drawing Ludmilla and Valentina as representatives of two entirely different generations. Lewycka explores the life of a Ukrainian family of an 84-year-old father, his middle-aged daughters and their families, and the memories of a dead mother who migrated to Britain after the World War II. Their lives are complicated by Valentina’s arrival from Ukraine to marry their father in the late 1990s. For Ludmilla and her generation, the primary aim was to survive, and to ’make-do and mend’ after years of persecution, depravation, oppression, fear, and anxiety; however, globalism and growing consumerism have profoundly affected expectations and aspirations of the new generation Ukrainian emigrants like Valentina who fails to survive in Britain despite her painstaking efforts.Yayın Use of literature in reading comprehension classes by elt teachers(ARF Publication Sourcing, 2014) Özkan, Ahmet; Töngür, Nejat AbdullahThis study has been conducted to reveal the reasons why ELT teachers use/do not use literature for reading comprehension activities. The study has been conducted with 140 preparatory class instructors working at foundation and state universities in Turkey. The data have been collected through a questionnaire, specifically designed for the study. The data were evaluated on Microsoft Excel 2010. The findings reveal that in general ELT teachers use literature in their reading classes; however, they consider restrictions of the curriculum, insufficient class time, and crowded classes as hindrances. Their perception of literary works to be linguistically difficult, demotivating, and their reliance on teachers to paraphrase, clarify, interpret, and explain appears as other significant reasons for using little or no literature for reading comprehension activities.Yayın ‘Sorry of my English’: Lily and Mui in sour sweet and z in a concise Chinese-English dictionary for lovers(Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 2012) Töngür, Nejat AbdullahThe cultural aspects, life styles, experiences, beliefs and perspectives of Chinese immigrants and Chinese students in Britain have been incorporated into the literature in English with the arrival of the Chinese immigrants in Britain in the 1960s. Sour Sweet by Timothy Mo, which was first published in 1982, mirrors the Chinese immigrants’ lives in Britain in the 1960s with a focus on the Chen family whereas A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers by Xiaolu Guo is about the struggle of a single Chinese woman to learn English in Britain. The latter was published in 2007 and chronicles monthly how Z learns English in 2003. Despite the temporal gap of 40 years between the novels and the dynamics of the characters’ move to Britain, there are many similarities between the women portrayed in the novels as far as their problems, reactions, emotions, thoughts and change during their experience in Britain are concerned. The female characters in these novels, Lily and Mui in Sour Sweet, and Z in A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers, struggle with problems stemming from Chinese culture, tradition, morality and family structure as well as economic, social and cultural difficulties in Britain. The English language seems to be the most formidable obstacle because their linguistic development takes long time, a great deal of energy and much effort on the part of the characters portrayed in Sour Sweet and A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers not to mention the lack of communication, misunderstandings and subsequent isolation. Inevitably, their social, financial and cultural hindrances are complicated and exacerbated by their inadequate language skills. Indeed, improvement of their foreign language skills, English, takes precedence over social, cultural and economic elements and their survival and success in Britain are consequential to and conditional on speaking English. No matter how eager or resistant they are to the impositions of the British culture, they realize that speaking English is a must in Britain. Although the restaurant business and ensuing isolation in Sour Sweet are detrimental to linguistic development for the first generation immigrants, all Chinese people in these novels are exposed to the unassailable effects of the English language sooner or later. Consequently, Lily and Mui in Sour Sweet and Z in A Concise Chinese-English Dictionary for Lovers are obliged to develop their English, which parallels their emancipation from male domination. It is obvious that the more adept they become at speaking English, the better and more comfortable their lives become.Yayın British imperial rhetoric: pukka sahibs, memsahibs and orientals in burmese days by George Orwell(Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 2016) Töngür, Nejat AbdullahGeorge Orwell’s Burmese Days is set in the colonial town of Kyauktada in Burma in the 1920s when demands for self-rule and independence were articulated vigorously in the sub-continent and Burmese people started to show slight hints of dissent towards the British colonial authority. This study aims at exploring the reflections of the British imperial discourse in the existing cultural, economic, social and psychological barriers between the colonized and the colonial or between the “pukka sahibs” and “memsahibs” and the “orientals” in Burmese Days. After a brief historical insight into the era and ‘British imperial rhetoric’, the second section analyzes how British imperialist discourse undermines their perceptions, ideas, and relationships of all the colonials, male and female, with the colonized and nourishes their ignorance, prejudice and hostility towards the local people. In contrast to the commonly-held perception that “pukka sahibs” and “memsahibs” are fair, honest, decent, impartial, aloof, and incorruptible in their deeds, the male and female British characters populating the novel are afflicted with their contempt, disdain and dislike of the local people whom they are afraid to mix with. The main concern in the third section is to dwell on Flory, who, unlike the other British men and women, does not believe that the colonial regime has a civilizing or educating mission. Instead, he believes that the British colonials are obsessed with uplifting their values, principles and ideals in a colonial station in Burma where they have apparently crouched upon economically, linguistically, socially and culturally. The fourth and the last section probes into the pejorative impact of the dictations and impositions of the dominant discourse upon two local people of power who have internalized the perception that they are inferior, corrupt, and degenerate in comparison to superior, civilized and educated “pukka sahibs” and “memsahibs”. Although the “orientals” desperately and vainly to aspire for and therefore struggle, imitate and adapt to the British people’s life styles, habits, codes, and culture, the picture Orwell draws about the colonial society is alarming as the colonials are comprised of immoral, indecent, unfair, drunk, racist womanizers or husband-hunters in stark contrast to the imperial indoctrination.Yayın Augie: a picaro deviation from the picaresque genre in the adventures of augie march by saul bellow(2013) Yıldıray, Çevik; Töngür, Abdullah NejatThe picaresque novel, as it developed in Spain during the sixteenth century, influenced also modern novels, although it may not contain all the elements of the traditional picaresque genre. This study analyzed the use of picaresque form in The Adventures of Augie March by Bellow in an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of the form in a modern novel. Judging by the characteristics, The Adventures of Augie March exhibited many of the qualities of the traditional picaresque. Augie is a rogue who moves through a series of adventures, which satirize the society he lives in. However, the difference between this modern picaresque and its prototype lies in the purpose of the novel. Augie, unlike the traditional picaro, is searching for a fate which will include both full realization of self and love. Thus, his adventures are steps in his quest rather than self-contained satirical episodes. The analysis of the novel supported the idea that picaresque form is a flexible and resourceful vehicle which offers certain definite advantages to the contemporary author in his portrayal of modern life.Yayın Chanu’s thwarted dreams and dislocation in brick lane by Monica Ali(Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 2013) Töngür, Abdullah NejatMonica Ali’s Brick Lane is one of the few novels which sheds light onto the lives of the Bangladeshi community living in the Brick Lane area of the Tower Hamlets borough of London in the 2000s, and the novel mirrors these people’s life styles, work patterns, dynamics, faith, reactions, and problems. In the novel, Monica Ali’s central focus is on Nazneen and her personal development; however, it is possible to trace other significant issues of the time such as racism, discrimination, poverty, unemployment, underemployment, ghettoisation, linguistic hurdles along with alienation, disillusionment and despair. Particularly Chanu’s experience, struggle to survive and to succeed financially, socially and professionally as a first-generation Bangladeshi immigrant in London is very informative about the plight of the other immigrants. Chanu comes to Britain in the early 1970s with great hopes to work, to earn money and to return to Bangladesh as a success. Although he is better educated and more qualified than most immigrants his promotion at work is thwarted, his certificates and diplomas are discredited, he is compelled to take up driving a taxi to make a living, and his illusions about Britain are shattered over the years. His arranged marriage with an ‘unspoilt’ girl from Bangladesh and the birth of three kids are far from healing his wounds; on the contrary, he has bitter clashes with his daughters and serious disagreements with his wife which result in her infidelity. In addition to all these, he has to endure traumas in his life because of being trapped between two cultures and two allegiances. His daughters and his wife refuse to conform to the familial, moral, religious, and social traditions and rules of the Bangladeshi community and choose to live in harmony with the impositions and conditionings of the hegemonic British culture whereas he can not adapt to or integrate into the British society and culture despite more than 30 years of stay in Britain. In the end, he fails as an employee, as a father, and as a husband and the only solution he can find is to return to Bangladesh at the cost of separating from his wife and his daughters.Yayın Psychology for all: developing reading and writing skills in psychology(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2005) Küçük, SeranThe idea of writing such o textbook evolved from o study of the needs of the students of the psychology deportment ot Maltepe University and the lock of relevant material on the market. Even if Psychology for All seems to be prepared oddressing lhe needs of psychology students in porticulor, in fact, it is intended for everybody who has a special interest in psychology and needs to use English of psychology for academic or professional purposes. The book consist of seven chapters within the framework of a content based syllabus in such a fashion that the students read in depth one topic, excluding the final seventh chapter which primarily focuses on academic writing the that the students need in their field of study. Each chapter is divided into tree parts and is sequenced from the relatively easy parts that allow the students to build a schema for one paticular topic to the complicated readings in the last part...
