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Neglect and elder abuse in the population of Crotia
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Dropujlja, Antonella; Ilic, Boris
Introduction: Elder abuse is a common sociocultural and health issue that represents an intentional act or failure to act, by a caregiver or another person in a relationship involving an expectation of trust that causes or creates a risk of harm to an older adult. Over the past decades, due to the increase in the elderly population as a result of prolonged life expectancy as well as negative birth rate trends in Croatia, this issue has been brought to attention as a significant health concern. Discussion: According to available findings, elder abuse can be differentiated by the type (physical, sexual, emotional/psychological, financial, neglect) and place of its occurrence (home, institution, structural). Predisposing factors, such as age above 80, female gender, lower education, disrupted family relations, financial dependency and an inability for self-care have been shown to be consistently related with increased risk for abuse. According to research that was conducted in Zagreb, on a sample of 1000 people above the age of 65, there are some differences in the incidence of violence based on sociodemographic characteristics of the elderly. The results have shown that lower educational status goes hand in hand with a higher risk of violence, especially with physical, emotional and financial abuse. The elderly population that financially depends on their children or other family is more likely to be physically and emotionally abused by their relatives. Gender and marital status did not prove to be a significant factor. Besides increasing theoretical knowledge and awareness in society, the legislation also has a vital role in prevention. In the Republic of Croatia, the issue of elder abuse is regulated by Art. 4 of the Domestic Violence Protection Act (2003), which carefully defines domestic violence, its forms and legal obligation of both professionals and non-professionals to report it, as well as through several other penal codes. Conclusion: Nurses, especially patronage nurses, that spend a lot of time, and are the ones who can see in which conditions the elderly live in, have a huge and important role in the prevention of elder abuse. It is very important to encourage the elder population into pressing charges if they are abused. Also, bigger and more frequent controls by social workers and health visitors can lead to a decrease in the incidence of abuse.
Nursing role: detection & intervention of elderly abuse
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Fakih, Aya Imad
Elder abuse is a violation of human rights caused by mistreatment of an older person which results in suffering and distress. It is any intentional action made by a person in a trusted relationship with an older adult that causes harm or serious risk of harm to the person. Abuse of the elderly remains private matter well-hidden from public view, although the latest statistics show that 16% of people aged 60 years and older were subjected to different kinds of abuse. Previous studies have shown that abuse of elderly people has only recently been recognized as a global problem that affects their psychological and physical state. It also shows that many healthcare professionals have little education regarding abuse and violence, and they may not feel qualified to assess older adult for abuse. Based on the fact that the abuse signs detection must be recognized and the professional intervention must be addressed, we highlighted in this study two complementary axes that help the nurses take appropriate actions. Nurses have the responsibility to identify when abuse may be perpetrated and to assess the context ensuring suitable responses are undertaken. The study ‘s tools are divided into two parts: the first one is the use of (elder abuse suspicion index) which is two-minute, six-item questionnaire featuring dichotomous variables was administered in private by family physicians to cognitively intact older adults in a primary care setting in montrèal. Some of these questionnaire items had a sensitivity of 47% and a specificity of 75% when compared with a blinded social work assessment for identifying abuse. The second one is the establishment of a guide that clarifies the actions taken by nurses when facing elderly people abuse. This guide was made after a scientific review of many studies related to the nurse role regarding the abuse and it is composed of ten guidelines that cover the main areas involved in dealing with factors and patient ‘s actions considering this issue. As a result, education and training to help healthcare professionals recognize signs of abuse and intervene appropriately are essential in making a difference to reduce abuse effects and to raise awareness in prevention purpose.
Nurse’s role in violence against women
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020)
Introduction and Objective: With this study to evaluate the rate of violence against women in the World and Turkey, to emphasise the importance of nursing in the early detection of violence, and is intended to draw the attention of the nurses in this regard. Method: Using the keywords of “women, violence, family, child, nurse” current articles were scanned in Google Scholar, Pub Med and EBSCO databases and violence and nurse studies against women were examined. Discussion and Conclusion: Violence against women is a social problem affecting every segment of society, which is increasing day by day. It affects society in every way and continues to exist. Violence against women is a significant public health problem and a violation of women’s human rights. It has serious adverse effects on women in terms of physical, mental and reproductive health. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced that one out of every three women was exposed to physical or sexual assault. In Turkey, according to another study conducted by the frequency of physical violence during pregnancy 4.8% 36.4% 63.1% 26.7% frequency with emotional violence, sexual violence often show with values such as 36.4% 4.4%. People who perpetrate violence against women are often determined by studies that they are familiar, not a stranger. As the first group to face victims of violence, the role of nurses is very high. Awareness of nurses should be increased in diagnosing symptoms for diagnosing violence against women. Healthcare personnel should ask routine questions regarding exposure to domestic violence in all women who are inpatient/obstetricians and family planning, emergency services, mental health centres and inpatients and in pediatric units. In hospitals or family health centres, awareness leaflets and posters for violence can be increased as and social policies related to women’s empowerment can be created.
Workplace-related violence towards nurses and legislative changes in Croatia
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Kreši?, Sandi
Introduction: Violence is interpreted as a social phenomenon in very different ways, and because of that, there are various theoretical understandings and congruent definitions. Violence is the deliberate use of physical strength or action towards oneself, another person, group of people or the entire community. In itself, violence is a complex phenomenon and can be seen as a condition that is expressed as an urge and then as anger, hostility and assault on a person. Discussion: Violence against nurses is higher than any other medical professionals. Recent studies conducted in Croatia show that every 4th or 5th employee has experienced one form of hostile workplace behaviour. Nurses most often experience disparagement, negative attitude towards their work and contestation of advancement in the profession. Violence is mostly perpetrated by the patient. Furthermore, there are a lot of consequences of mental and physical abuse. Those consequences can be seen on a physical, social, emotional level and also there are some changes in behaviour. Because of that, nurses develop certain disorders such as frequent headaches, vertigo, mood swings, anxiety, social isolation, passivity etc. Consequently, new legislation came into force in the Republic of Croatia on 5th January 2019 that treats an attack on medical personnel as an attack on officials and can result in imprisonment from 6 months up to 5 years. Conclusion: Nurses are exposed to a particular type of violence on a daily basis, and each form of violence leaves various consequences on the nurse. In order to reduce the number of violence that nurses are exposed to, changes in the legislature are necessary, i.e. to impose penalties on individuals who in any way endangers health care professionals and to encourage medical staff to report any form of violence to which they have been exposed to. Furthermore, security guards and video surveillance in hospitals and other workplaces have shown to be necessary, in order to provide prompt response and deescalation, as well as to possibly deter potential aggressive individuals.
Guidelines for preventing violence, harassment and bullying against health workers
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Mohamed, Rowan; Abdullayeva, Mukarrama; Karazeybek, Ebru
Introduction: Violence Prevention Alliance; addresses the problem of violence as defined in the World report on violence and health (WRVH), namely: “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either result in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm,maldevelopment or deprivation (https:// www.who.int/violenceprevention/approach/ definition/en/). Harassment: Comments or behaviours that are unwelcome and persistent, including sexual harassment (https://www.ontario.ca/page/ understand-law-workplace-violence-andharassment) Bullying: Repeated and persistent behaviours that can include social isolation, creating or spreading rumours, engaging in excessive or unjustified criticism, intimidating a person, physically abusing or threatening abuse, and withholding job responsibilities (https://www. ccohs.ca/oshanswers/psychosocial/bullying. html.). Method: The related guide has been reached by using the keywords “Violence”, “Health Worker” and “Guide” in the Pubmed database. The purpose of this review is; To present an international sample guideline proposal (Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario: RNAO: Ontario Registered Nurses Association) to prevent violence, harassment and bullying against healthcare workers. Results: Workplace violence, harassment and bullying are collective in the health sector, as in all sectors. It is to be used to enhance the safety of health service organizations and academic institutions through the adoption of evidence-based practices. Safe and healthy work environments are an enabler for nurses and other health workers to optimize clinical outcomes for those receiving care. Below are the main topics of the guideline recommendations to prevent violence, harassment and bullying against RNAO healthcare professionals; -Recommendations addressing violent behaviour from persons -Recommendations addressing harassment and bullying from formal leaders, health workers or students (https://rnao.ca/sites/rnao-ca/files/ bpg/VPW_FINAL_WEB_July_2.pdf) Conclusion: Consequently, evidence-based guideline recommendations are essential to address all areas where health workers and students can be at risk of encountering violence.
How to prepare nursing students to deal with violence? A literature review
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Pinto, Maria Rosario; Sarroeria, Cassilda; Cunha, Fatima
Introduction: The World Health Organization says that annually more than 1.5 million people worldwide lose their lives due to violence, many more suffer from health problems resulting from acts of interpersonal violence. Although a global approach, it requires health professionals to develop interventions aimed at preventing violence, identifying and developing interventions to support victims. At the same time, health professionals are exposed to physical or psychological aggression in the workplace, so the development of skills to deal with violence should be a priority in the curricula, namely in nursing education and training. Objective: Analyse strategies that promote the development of competences in nursing students to deal with situations of violence. Methods: Database search – PubMed; ProQuest; EBSCOhost: full text; published between 2015 and 2019; Language: English, Portuguese, Spanish; keywords and boolean logic (Violence) and (Students, Nursing); searched in the title/ abstract. Articles selected by two researchers investigators. Results: Identified 78 articles, selected 10, after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. Educative strategies identified: a) simulation [violence to elderly; intimate partners and in workplace]; b) Study cases [sexual violence, aggression management program]; c)learning [violence prevention]; d) educational program [bullying at workplace, violence against women]; e) training program related with gender violence; f) evaluation of beliefs and attitudes inventory in domestic violence. Conclusion: There is an emphasis on face-to face strategies in the teaching-learning process. The simulation with the inclusion of different scenarios and themes was the most reported strategy, showing the potential to help under and post-graduate students to deal with cases of violence. The identified strategies allowed to improve personal and clinical competencies, for which they have the potential to be incorporated in the nursing curriculum.
Reporting of violence at a Greece environments
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Moschona, Eleni; Theofanidis, Dimitris
Introduction: Studies in Greece have shown that workplace violence has already become a universal issue and dominates both workers and professional groups and poses a severe occupational hazard to the workforce. According to the Greek Census Bureau, health care workers are 18 times more likely to suffer from violence than other workers. Method: This study was a critical appraisal of incidence reports as recorded by the administrators over a period of 12 months (2018) at a Greek hospital. The study secured data anonymity and confidentiality of the information reviewed. Results: There were 267 incidents reported which were categorized under three headings. a) Patient or visitor: 176 incidents which were distributed as follows: shouting 27%, namecalling 24%, use of derogatory language 18%, hitting/punching 10%, slapping 6%, pushing 10% and poking/kicking 5%. b) Co-worker to co-worker: 67 incidents which were analyzed as follows: verbal abuse 57%, holding/impeding 16%, following/stalking 7%, touching 15% and any other inappropriate contact/advances 5%. c) Criminal intent: 24 incidents in total, including theft (robbery/stealing) 48%, attempted/near stabbing 3%, sexual assault 9%, attempted rape 2%, property destruction 38%. Discussion: The majority of violent incidents reported concern patients and/or relatives. Most of the reports are for verbal abuse. Yet, violence against healthcare workers may lead to low worker morale, increase in job stress and in worker turnover and finally, result in reduced trust of management/coworker. Conclusions: As most reports of violence in the hospital are concerning verbal abuse, the hospital management needs to develop a comprehensive prevention program that will include a zerotolerance policy, a vigorous management commitment/enforcement with employee participation, training for hazard prevention and most importantly, accurate and timely reporting. Yet, as there are many considerable incidents of severe criminal intent, the hospital needs to take all security measures necessary to protect its workforce.
Helping others is a passion, not worthy of aggression
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Tahirova, Syulbie; Georgieva, Yanita; Dimitrova, Teodora
Introduction: The topic of violence against medics is quite popular in Bulgaria and around the world. Many doctors and nurses have been victims of verbal and physical aggression by patients and their loved ones. In fact, healthcare accounts for nearly as many serious violent injuries as all other industries combined. 90% of Bulgarian healthcare specialist were victims of violence. Most often, they are part of Emergency medical services. In order to be part of the healthcare system, a person needs to be responsible, caring and often puts the needs of others before his or her own. The people who save lives and take care of sick patients don’t deserve to be physically and verbally abused. To protect them and to prevent more violence in the healthcare system, we need to speak about the problem and find a solution openly. Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was completed. The search items included the following terms: violence, health, nursing. Articles without information on a number of reported cases of violence were excluded. Most of the data were collected from the sites of National statistical institute of Bulgaria and the Ministry of health. Results: The research shows that for 2018 the reported cases of verbal abuse were 214 and for physical-33. For the first half of 2019, there were 116 reported cases of verbal abuse and 8 of physical. In the Emergency room reported cases of abuse were 396 for 2018.for the first half of 2019 227 verbal attacks and 34 physical. In our capital Sofia alone, 30 gun attacks against paramedics were reported in the period from January 2017 to December 2019. Many more assaults or threats go unreported. Workplace violence comes at a high cost; however, it can be prevented. At the beginning of 2020, Bulgarian Medical Association launched an information campaign for the implementation of measures against aggression against medics. Conclusion and Discussion: Raising awareness of patients` rights and obligations through joint initiatives of patient organizations and Bulgarian Medical Association- materials, seminars, and events. The society needs to restore its trust in the medics. There must be clear penalties for violence against healthcare professionals.
Investigation of nursing department students exposure to mobbing in clinical practice
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Coşkun, Ayşenur; Bat Tonkuş, Merve
Introductıon and Purpose: Mobbing; is an unethical behaviour against a person, carried out by one or more people, aimed at intimidating the person. Mobbing is an English origin word that means psychological violence, harassment or puts pressure on someone. This study was conducted to investigate in Nursing Department students and exposure to mobbing in clinical practice. Method: This study was carried out descriptively in order to investigate the exposure of the nursing department students to mobbing in clinical practice. The sample of the research consists of 84 students studying in the nursing department and going to the field of application The data of the research were collected by questionnaire questions created by the researchers. Ethics committee approval was received for the research, and the data were analyzed with SPSS statistics program. Results: Of the students participating in the study, 66 (78,6%) are female, 18 (21,4%) are male. 47.6% of the participants stated that they were exposed to mobbing in clinical practice. The students with the highest participation in the study are 4th class students with 35.7%. The period exposed to clinical practice was found to be the 3rd semester (2nd year fall semester) with 45%. Some researchers show that healthcare workers are 16 times more likely to be exposed to violence than other service sector workers, and nurses are 3 times more at risk than other healthcare workers. In Turkey, there are studies showing that nursing students are exposed to mobbing. The result of the research is similar to the literature.
Opinions of nursing students about psychological violence applied to internship students in clinics
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Güler, İzel
Psychological violence can be seen in all public or private work environments, conflict and It is a negative behaviour that can be described as a further stage of the conflict. As a result of the studies, it was found that in addition to the health personnel, the students doing internship were exposed to psychological violence during the provision of health services, which would affect the motivation of the professional candidates and their perspectives to the profession and thus decrease the quality and efficiency of the health services. It is of great importance to analyze the exposure of students to psychological violence and to take the necessary measures. If the measures cannot be taken, there will be a change in the profession, a decrease in the quality of care, or a decrease in the satisfaction of the students who will continue the profession. In this study, the subject of psychological violence of nursing department students in hospital internship practices was investigated. Of the 100 students surveyed, 81% were girls and 19% were boys. According to the data obtained, 73% of students who are exposed to psychological violence are 4th graders, 20% are third-graders, 4% are 2nd-grade students, 2% are 1st graders, It was found that 64% of the psychological pressure was applied by our clinical nurses and 9% by the clinical physician. In addition, 45% of the students who were exposed to psychological pressure did not report these problems to their internship teacher, 36% of them were excluded due to problems, 33% of them were surprised, 16% felt despair, 58% of these data caused the students to move away from the profession, and 79% did not want to continue their internship. 34% of the problems experienced occurred because they are not sure of the treatment and practices of the student, 19% of the result because they are compared to other nurse friends, and 14% of the problem was found to arise in relation to material use. As a result, psychological violence is legal and unethical behaviour. Based on all these data, it has been determined that student nurses are mostly psychologically worn out from their colleagues and consequently, occupational satisfaction decreases. Decreasing the job satisfaction of the student nurses who have not started the profession actively will cause them to change their profession or decrease the quality of care of nurses who will continue their profession. In addition, long-term psychological violence causes an increase in blood pressure, triggers cardiovascular diseases, sleep and eating problems, depression, mental disorder, such as disorder is known to reveal. In order to prevent psychological pressure applied in the clinics, conducting a pre-internship orientation meeting to change the attitudes of clinical nurses and other health professionals towards student nurses may change this attitude of health professionals towards students.
Impact of violence towards nursing students on their career choices satisfaction
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Mohammed, Ali
Violence in and around health care settings has drawn the attention of both the public and policymakers lately (5 the International Conference on Violence in the Health Sector,2016). Deposit the importance of the problem, researches exploring and discussing this topic has been limited. Generally, the highest rate of occupational violence has been reported among health care workers, police officers, drivers, and guards (Samadzadeh, Samira & Aghamohammadi, Masoumeh,2018). Studies show violence against healthcare employees is more common than most people realize, and advocacy groups say it’s time for policymakers to act on this growing but the underreported problem. While 75% of nearly 25,000 workplace assaults occur annually in healthcare settings, only 30% of nurses and 26% of emergency department physicians have reported incidents of violence (The Joint Commission, 2018). Most studies about work-related violence have been conducted among health care workers, and minimal research has been conducted on violence towards nursing students. Yet, it seems that students are more exposed to workplace violence, due to their young age, insufficient clinical experience and less aware of cultural norms and care, compared to other hospital personnel (Samadzadeh, Samira & Aghamohammadi, Masoumeh,2018). Some literature suggests that violence towards nursing students may lead to a change in the perspective of the student towards their career and might contribute to the development of psychological problems such as anxiety and depression (Nurse Education Today, 2016). The presentation aims to discuss the impact of clinical violence toward nursing students on their performance and career choices satisfaction. Also, it will shed light on some of the strategies that can be used to address and reduce the impact of violence.
Violent incidents at a major hospital in Greece
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Louka, Georgia; Nimvrolou, Antonios; Theofanidis, Dimitris
The aim of this study was to investigate workplace violence at a Greek hospital. Method: This was a prospective study (simple survey design) with face to face interviews. Data were collected via a 15-item questionnaire designed explicitly for this study’s needs. Anonymity and data confidentiality was secured. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics (mean, frequencies) and t-test for group comparisons. The sample consisted of 242 nurses and 83 physicians. Results: There were 223 females and 102 males; their mean age was 42 years old (range 24-63). Most of the participants (72%) reported having experienced a violent incident during their career. With regards to where does violence takes place, the responses were as follows: 61% in patient’s areas, 17% in corridors/hallways, 2% elevators, 19% at nursing station/doctor’s office and 1% elsewhere. 34 out of 36 newly hired nurses stated they were criticized and verbally abused. As for reporting of violence per se, 14% of the sample formally reported an incidence (of 72% who experienced violence), i.e. only 19% actually reported an incident. Furthermore, 67% of all respondents agreed disruptive behaviours were linked with adverse events (for the patient), 48% of nurses and 30% of doctors had kept quiet or remain passive (rather than question a known bully) during a verbal aggression event. The sample also stated that the most stressful aspect is when the co-worker was the perpetrator (nurses=165, doctors=57 (p<0.05%). Discussion: Nurses and Doctors may react differently at violence, but they both tend to underreport it. Violence in the workplace is a leading cause of low staff morale and low job satisfaction, increase stress levels, absenteeism, staff turnover and errors. Conclusions: Overall, violence in the workplace, is putting the nurses, the doctors and the patients in danger. Targeted actions are needed both at the local and national level to tackle this problem.
Preventing violence in health and nursing
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Duarte, Cristiano; Matias, Claudia; Magalhaes, Regina
Violence is a serious social problem in today’s world, as increases in the levels of aggression are detected each year. Each of us has been a victim, a witness, or even a perpetrator. It causes a great deal of mental trauma which impacts people’s lives. According to the Confederation of Independent Bulgarian Union of Health and Medicinal Institutions, about 7.5% of the medical staff was subjected to physical abuse, 71% of which were women. Most often (40.7%), the target of physical abuse are nurses, mostly by the patients. More than one-third of the medical staff were victims of mental violence, mainly verbal harassment and psychological abuse. It is again the nurses who are at the most risk of this type of abuse, a substantial 28% of them for whom the abuse caused by their superiors arises as part of the administrative part of their occupation. Violence is a highly prominent problem with long-lasting repercussions on the mental health and behaviour of those who conduct it and of those who experience it. The purpose of this research is to document the cases and to propose a mechanism to prevent violence which, when acted upon, will reduce the outbursts of this antisocial behaviour. In order to achieve the intended results, one has to: raise awareness of the problem at hand among their community. The main message is for people to be mindful not to come across as disparaging towards the victims of abuse. The media is the most appropriate tool for spreading knowledge about abuse among the general public. include groups, organisations and institutions into the preventative work, which will increase the potential for restricting the problem. This is possible by increasing awareness and involving like-minded supporters of the cause. Encourage prevention which takes a different form when it is discussed with potential victims of abuse. In this regard, individual meetings with the victims can be organised where personalised advice can be shared with them. The social problem of aggression increases every year. The first step towards its resolution is the establishment of good social role models. Prevention is a life-long process which empowers one with decision-taking towards steering them away from the potential of being the target of abuse. This is what we strive for nowadays.
Nurses’ exposure to aggression and violence and health outcomes
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Gocevska, Anita; Mitreska, Martina; Sokolova, Spasija
Nurses are the people responsible for the care of the patient. Many are subjected to psychological and physical torture by patients. Patients come with great hope to the health facility. They leave their loved ones in the hands of all medical staff and expect literally — MIRACLE. Occasionally, a hospitalization mistake can be made. But nurses are not always to blame. The reason may be that the number of nurses is small and patients are many, and they will not be able to pay maximum attention. Even if the nurse makes the slightest mistake, the patient may be dissatisfied and his family furious. At this time, they can start from inappropriate comments and even end up physically attacking nurses. According to the conversations we had with some nurses, we came to the conclusion that violence against nurses is prevalent. “During breakfast distribution, the patient overturned my plate and pushed me to the ground because he did not like the meal, that was prescribed by a nutritionist, adequate to his health condition” (statement of the nurse). “As I was taking blood from a patient, he fainted because of a fall in glucose, and his family physically attacked me” (statement of the nurse). “The patient started insulting me while I was on the counter because he came last, but he wanted to finish first, and I refused to let him into the doctor’s office until it is his turn” (statement of a nurse). All inappropriate patient outbreaks do nothing good except that healthcare professionals feel unappreciated by patients, and this results in a disrupted healthcare system in the country.
Protection of nursing care specialists in Bulgaria
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Markova, Stefani; Polihronova, Violeta; Ramadan, Meleksheri
Summary: The violence in health care is something really income in medical fields in the last few decades. According to “World health organization” the violence is “The intentional use of physical force or power, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either result in or have a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death or psychological harm.”. There are different types of violence. According to one of the classifications, violence can be considered in 3 dimensions: physical - verbal, active-passive, direct - indirect. In Bulgaria, more than 50% of working nurses are victims of one of the three kinds of violence in their workplace. Most common violence among health specialist is verbal and direct-indirect aggression. Introduction: According to Bulgarian definition like an act of violence is consider every act of aggression against a working health specialist that creates a hostile working place or affects physically or mentally a nurse, doctor or every other health specialist. The rights of nurses are protected by “Bulgarian association of health care specialist”. In case of a violation of these rights, it may provide them with a medical defence lawyer. The responsibilities of nurses are included in „Ordinance 1 of February 8, 2011, on Occupational activities that nurses, midwives, associated medical specialists and health assistants can perform by themselves or by request”. Each act of violence against a medical specialist is considering a crime; the offender shall be punished by imprisonment for any term of years according to Penal Code of the Republic of Bulgaria. Nurses are the ones who care about the health of the population and should not become patients as a result of violence. Different kinds of organizations are created to protect the rights of nurses from patient’s aggression. Nurses, as a part of the healthcare system, must be respected and valued because they protect the health, the most important human value. Materials and Methods: document method – analysis of literary sources Results and Discussion: The purpose of this research was to present the laws protecting nurses in Bulgaria and the penalties imposed on offenders.
Abuse of older people and the roles of the nurse
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Alieva Alimova, Aylya; Ashimova Nasufova, Nesrin; Nedzhat Zekerie, Aydzhan
Introduction: As global populations age, it is imperative that nurses have a knowledge base on the topic of elder abuse. Elder abuse can occur in any environment but is most prevalent in the community setting. Older people may experience either a single type of abuse or several forms of abuse concurrently. It is also important that abuse at an institutional and societal level is recognized and addressed. Nurses have a responsibility to identify when abuse may be perpetrated and to assess the context, ensuring appropriate responses are undertaken. Knowledge of barriers to disclosure is also essential, as well as ensuring that the voice of the older person is prioritized in case management. In doing so, nurses have the ability to both prevent and provide early intervention to safeguard older people. Discussion: Within adult care nursing, a major population group is that of older people. Current projected demographic trends demonstrate an increasing proportion of the population will be aged over 65 years. The World Health Organization (WHO)1 states that within the period 2000–2050, the global population of people over 60 years will increase from 11% to 22%. While this represents a significant success story within human longevity, it also points to the imperative of ensuring systems of care can provide adequately for the demands of a changing demographic, thus matching quantity of years to the quality of life. Such requirements transcend health but are intrinsically interwoven in the context of the social determinants of health. For example, health is impacted by issues such as adequate housing, adequate income, combatting social isolation, gender, access to health services, climate change, education, employment status and a safe environment. Within global populations, there is a need to ensure older people are safeguarded from maltreatment, and nurses are vital professionals to detect suspected cases of abuse and trigger appropriate interventions. As global populations age, it is imperative that nurses have a knowledge base on the topic of elder abuse. Elder abuse can occur in any environment but is most prevalent in the community setting. Older people may experience either a single type of abuse or several forms of abuse concurrently. It is also important that abuse at an institutional and societal level is recognized and addressed. Nurses have a responsibility to identify when abuse may happen and to assess the situation, ensuring appropriate responses are undertake. This way, nurses have the ability to both prevent and provide early intervention to safeguard older people. Within adult care nursing, a major population group is that of older people A knowledge of barriers to disclosure is also essential, as well as ensuring that the voice of the older person is prioritized in case management. In doing so, nurses substantial both prevent and provide early intervention to safeguard older people. Conclusion: Elder abuse is a complex issue which occurs in all environmental settings and requires nurses caring for older people to be able to detect its occurrence and initiate appropriate responses. As the world faces a global demographic transition, a fundamental right for all human beings is to live in a safe environment. For older people, abuse differs in many ways than abuse from other age groups. Older people do not have time on their side, may experience communication challenges and may not recognize the abuse or be able to access helping agencies.
The review of studies which done violence and related in subjects which have been published in nurse journals in Turkey
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Taşlı, Ömer Faruk; Öz, Ersan; Ünsal, Ayla
Aim: This study, performed with for the review of studies which done violence and related in a subject which has been publıshed in nurse journals in Turkey. Added exploitation, mobbing, abuse and aggression to study as well as of violence. Materials and methods: This study searched fifteen different National Journal of nursing, which has been published between the years 1985-2019 (34 years). Have been reached 4400 article published in 498 numbers journal and reviewed for the purpose of study one by one. Findings: Determined 104 (%2.4) numbers of articles which violence and related in the subject that in all study. This study was that had 66 descriptive studies and 38 compilation. This study was mostly a team of two (%43.3) and that most of the authors were academics (%67.2) and most of their assistant professor (%22.5). Violence (%55.8), abuse (%20.2), mobbing (%13.5), exploitation (%6.7), aggression (%1.9), abuse and violence (%1), abuse and exploitation (%1) were mostly obtained in the research in contained the subject. Nurses (%21.2), nursing students (%15.2) and health workers (%9.1) was top of three the sample of this study. Results: Consequently, violence, abuse, mobbing, exploitation, aggression study that enough in journals of a nurse did not publish. Studies do that this and similar can to be useful in raise awareness about the subject. We should direct nurse and nursing students in to do study that on this subject. Perform of more study that on old, child, woman, disabled, health worker that be of the disadvantaged group can to be useful.
The effects of domestic violence on school children
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020)
Purpose and Introduction: The study has compiled for increased domestic violence in the world and to raise awareness on the impact of escalating violence on school children. Violence has become the problem of society, which is seen all over the world and affects all areas of our lives negatively. According to the report of the WHO in 2002; violence has been reported to be the most female and family environment. In one study in Turkey; It was found that 68.3% of students mothers exposed to violence one in a lifetime. Therefore, children who see that their mother is a victim of violence at home have to deal with psychological trauma in the most critical stage of their development. Method: Databases (Google Academic, PubMed,Ebsco) were searched using the keywords of “domestic violence” and “school health nursing”. Discussion and Conclusion: It regulates the harmony, communication and behaviour of the child’s family and a loving family environment. Therefore, it is inevitable that there are problems in the personal development and psychology of children who witness, live and learn about violence. School health nurses, who have the opportunity to examine school-age children in all areas, face violence and peer bullying in schools. Bullying and violence tendency are not only a result of personality traits but are severely affected by factors such as the environment and family. Studies show that especially children exposed to domestic violence tend to bully more than other children. Therefore, the effects of domestic violence also show their impact at school and affect other children negatively. The school health nurse takes an active role in practices and training for the prevention of peer bullying by using roles such as trainer, consultant, advocate. Besides, by providing a healthy learning environment to the school child, it can prepare, develop and expand anti-violence programs that will include the student, family, teacher and the school environment. As a result; the negativities of domestic violence also manifest themselves in the school environment. Hence, a team approach such as teacher, school guidance service, school principal, the school nurse is recommended to identify children who are exposed to domestic violence and to take necessary action. Raising awareness in the society by doing more studies on this subject can prevent the harmful effects of domestic violence on children.
Undergraduate student nurses’ perceptions of intimate partner violence, awareness and freedom level in nursing care purpose
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Aynacı, Gülden; Acar, Zeliha
Aim: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV); Is an important public health problem in Turkey. Nurses play an important role in the evaluation, intervention and support of women who are exposed to violence. It is reported by the World Health Organization that women below the age of 50 are 61% physically abused by their partners. In universities, nursing undergraduate education; student nurses should be ensured to be ready for these future roles. The knowledge and attitudes of undergraduate students about IPV should be evaluated. It’s important in terms of making the necessary interventions into the undergraduate education processes. Methods: Our study was conducted September 2019- January 2020 with 276 volunteer students in Trakya University School of Health Nursing undergraduate program. After asking their sociodemographic characteristics, IPV questions were asked to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude and awareness about IPV. This questionnaire consisted of 3 subscales. These are; “Nursing self-efficacy”, “nursing roles and values”, “preparation for education”. Results: The results of the study; showed that the awareness level of IPV of students is low. The scores of the students from the three subscales were low. Their self-efficacy perceptions were low in recognizing a woman who was subjected to violence and creating necessary care and supports interventions. The issue of informing the victim about their legal rights was a concern for students. They didn’t fully know the role of nurses in preventing abuse. The area where students had the best level of self-confidence was their ability to communicate. Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude of being aware of IPV and providing effective interventions are directly related to the self-efficacy of the nurses. This will increase the quality of social health service. The students aren’t fully aware of the importance and impact on the individual, social level. In order to prevent IPV, one of the duties olaof healthcare professionals is; to realize violence, to apply care interventions of physical violence, to provide psychosocial support. This social problem is less detected; it can reduce the benefit to women. They had low confidence in understanding women who had been subjected to violence, but who didn’t express it directly. In order for nurses to take a more active role in preventing violence against women in society, it’s not only individual patient care; it’s important that they have preventive approach skills.
Preventing violence in health and nursing
(Maltepe Üniversitesi, 2020) Basrieva, Elis; Nail, Osman; Ankova, Simona
Summary: Violence against health care workers is an unfortunately common event. Workers in hospitals, nursing homes, and other healthcare settings face significant risks of workplace violence. According to “Occupational Safety and Health Administration” , “ the healthcare accounts for nearly as many serious violent injuries as all other industries combined.”. Violence can be prevented. In order to take adequate prevention measures, it is undoubtedly important to identify the causes and factors that contribute to their existence. Goal: We analyze prevention as a leading factor in protecting medical staff from violence. Materials and Methods: document method – analysis of literary sources Introduction: The strategies for reducing the level of workplace violence are aimed at: • improving reducing paid health services; • simplifying the procedures related to examinations by specialists; • creating additional health insurance funds; • technical safety and timely response of the security authorities. • Emphasis is also placed on the importance of taking and implementing such measures in the workplace, such as: • preventative and security and control measures; • improving the organization of working conditions; • training staff to work with the risk contingent and how to recognize and deal with aggressive behaviour; • medical and psychological counselling and assistance to victims of violence; • administrative sanctioning measures. Results and Discussion: The purpose of this research was to identify the risk factors of violence against healthcare workers and methods to prevent violence against health care specialist.

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